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        <title>Does Including Images Improve Multimodal Language Models’ Accuracy on Item Discrimination Estimation</title>
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    <abstract>This study measures the effectiveness of including images to predict discrimination parameters of reading items. The results suggest that providing images to language models is beneficial. By using both image and text, Lasso regressions (Tibshirani, 1996) could explain data better and random forests (Breiman, 2001) showed higher accuracy.</abstract>
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%0 Conference Proceedings
%T Does Including Images Improve Multimodal Language Models’ Accuracy on Item Discrimination Estimation
%A Jong, Jae Jun
%A Koo, Miryeong
%Y Wilson, Joshua
%Y Ormerod, Christopher
%Y Beiting-Parrish, Magdalen
%S Proceedings of the Artificial Intelligence in Measurement and Education Conference (AIME-Con): Full Papers
%D 2026
%8 October
%I National Council on Measurement in Education (NCME)
%C Wyndham Grand Pittsburgh Downtown, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
%@ 979-8-9983004-0-0
%F jong-koo-2026-including
%X This study measures the effectiveness of including images to predict discrimination parameters of reading items. The results suggest that providing images to language models is beneficial. By using both image and text, Lasso regressions (Tibshirani, 1996) could explain data better and random forests (Breiman, 2001) showed higher accuracy.
%U https://aclanthology.org/2026.aimecon-main.71/
%P 631-638

Markdown (Informal)

[Does Including Images Improve Multimodal Language Models’ Accuracy on Item Discrimination Estimation](https://aclanthology.org/2026.aimecon-main.71/) (Jong & Koo, AIME-Con 2026)

• Does Including Images Improve Multimodal Language Models’ Accuracy on Item Discrimination Estimation (Jong & Koo, AIME-Con 2026)

ACL

• Jae Jun Jong and Miryeong Koo. 2026. Does Including Images Improve Multimodal Language Models’ Accuracy on Item Discrimination Estimation. In Proceedings of the Artificial Intelligence in Measurement and Education Conference (AIME-Con): Full Papers, pages 631–638, Wyndham Grand Pittsburgh Downtown, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States. National Council on Measurement in Education (NCME).