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    <abstract>This paper examines a human–ML framework for large-scale qualitative data coding. Using a nationally representative sample of transcript data, the study evaluates semantic embeddings and ranked recommendations through validation and user testing. Results demonstrate improved efficiency and accuracy while maintaining human expertise, oversight, and responsibility for final coding decisions.</abstract>
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%0 Conference Proceedings
%T Human–Machine Learning for Large-Scale Qualitative Coding in Educational Measurement
%A Tang, Judy H.
%A Krenzke, Tom
%A Xu, Jin Hui
%A Lo, Karen
%Y Wilson, Joshua
%Y Ormerod, Christopher
%Y Beiting-Parrish, Magdalen
%S Proceedings of the Artificial Intelligence in Measurement and Education Conference (AIME-Con): Coordinated Session Papers
%D 2026
%8 October
%I National Council on Measurement in Education (NCME)
%C Wyndham Grand Pittsburgh Downtown, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
%@ 979-8-9983004-2-4
%F tang-etal-2026-human
%X This paper examines a human–ML framework for large-scale qualitative data coding. Using a nationally representative sample of transcript data, the study evaluates semantic embeddings and ranked recommendations through validation and user testing. Results demonstrate improved efficiency and accuracy while maintaining human expertise, oversight, and responsibility for final coding decisions.
%U https://aclanthology.org/2026.aimecon-sessions.25/
%P 236-240

Markdown (Informal)

[Human–Machine Learning for Large-Scale Qualitative Coding in Educational Measurement](https://aclanthology.org/2026.aimecon-sessions.25/) (Tang et al., AIME-Con 2026)

• Human–Machine Learning for Large-Scale Qualitative Coding in Educational Measurement (Tang et al., AIME-Con 2026)

ACL

• Judy H. Tang, Tom Krenzke, Jin Hui Xu, and Karen Lo. 2026. Human–Machine Learning for Large-Scale Qualitative Coding in Educational Measurement. In Proceedings of the Artificial Intelligence in Measurement and Education Conference (AIME-Con): Coordinated Session Papers, pages 236–240, Wyndham Grand Pittsburgh Downtown, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States. National Council on Measurement in Education (NCME).