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    <abstract>We compare handcrafted features, frozen transformer embeddings, and ensembles across three item types and two regimes, testing pooled versus specialist models on a gaming detection task. Ensembles perform best (ROC-AUC 0.95, ąppa=0.75), except for rarest item type under unseen prompts. Labels reflect review detections, motivating reference-conditioned recall and blind re-review.</abstract>
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%0 Conference Proceedings
%T Transformer-Aided Detection of Gaming in Constructed-Response English Language Assessments
%A Sharif, Melanie
%A Hellman, Scott
%A Bellows, Martha
%A Lottridge, Sue
%Y Wilson, Joshua
%Y Ormerod, Christopher
%Y Beiting-Parrish, Magdalen
%S Proceedings of the Artificial Intelligence in Measurement and Education Conference (AIME-Con): Works in Progress
%D 2026
%8 October
%I National Council on Measurement in Education (NCME)
%C Wyndham Grand Pittsburgh Downtown, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
%@ 979-8-9983004-1-7
%F sharif-etal-2026-transformer
%X We compare handcrafted features, frozen transformer embeddings, and ensembles across three item types and two regimes, testing pooled versus specialist models on a gaming detection task. Ensembles perform best (ROC-AUC 0.95, ąppa=0.75), except for rarest item type under unseen prompts. Labels reflect review detections, motivating reference-conditioned recall and blind re-review.
%U https://aclanthology.org/2026.aimecon-wip.21/
%P 159-167

Markdown (Informal)

[Transformer-Aided Detection of Gaming in Constructed-Response English Language Assessments](https://aclanthology.org/2026.aimecon-wip.21/) (Sharif et al., AIME-Con 2026)

• Transformer-Aided Detection of Gaming in Constructed-Response English Language Assessments (Sharif et al., AIME-Con 2026)

ACL

• Melanie Sharif, Scott Hellman, Martha Bellows, and Sue Lottridge. 2026. Transformer-Aided Detection of Gaming in Constructed-Response English Language Assessments. In Proceedings of the Artificial Intelligence in Measurement and Education Conference (AIME-Con): Works in Progress, pages 159–167, Wyndham Grand Pittsburgh Downtown, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States. National Council on Measurement in Education (NCME).