Measuring Writing Proficiency Through Keystroke Process Data: A Cross-School Generalizability Study

Damilola Babalola; Naga Buddarapu; Caleb Scott; Piotr Mitros; Paul Deane; Collin Lynch

Measuring Writing Proficiency Through Keystroke Process Data: A Cross-School Generalizability Study

Damilola Babalola, Naga Buddarapu, Caleb Scott, Piotr Mitros, Paul Deane, Collin Lynch

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Abstract

Using a year of authentic Grade 7–8 writing from two U.S. middle schools (8,576 documents, 423 students), we test whether keystroke features correlate with English Language Arts proficiency, form interpretable latent dimensions, and vary by gender. Fluency and engagement features reliably index proficiency by Grade 8, though generalizability varies.

Anthology ID:: 2026.aimecon-wip.46
Volume:: Proceedings of the Artificial Intelligence in Measurement and Education Conference (AIME-Con): Works in Progress
Month:: October
Year:: 2026
Address:: Wyndham Grand Pittsburgh Downtown, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
Editors:: Joshua Wilson, Christopher Ormerod, Magdalen Beiting-Parrish
Venue:: AIME-Con
SIG:
Publisher:: National Council on Measurement in Education (NCME)
Note:
Pages:: 358–368
Language:
URL:: https://aclanthology.org/2026.aimecon-wip.46/
DOI:
Bibkey:
Cite (ACL):: Damilola Babalola, Naga Buddarapu, Caleb Scott, Piotr Mitros, Paul Deane, and Collin Lynch. 2026. Measuring Writing Proficiency Through Keystroke Process Data: A Cross-School Generalizability Study. In Proceedings of the Artificial Intelligence in Measurement and Education Conference (AIME-Con): Works in Progress, pages 358–368, Wyndham Grand Pittsburgh Downtown, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States. National Council on Measurement in Education (NCME).
Cite (Informal):: Measuring Writing Proficiency Through Keystroke Process Data: A Cross-School Generalizability Study (Babalola et al., AIME-Con 2026)
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PDF:: https://aclanthology.org/2026.aimecon-wip.46.pdf

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@inproceedings{babalola-etal-2026-measuring,
    title = "Measuring Writing Proficiency Through Keystroke Process Data: A Cross-School Generalizability Study",
    author = "Babalola, Damilola  and
      Buddarapu, Naga  and
      Scott, Caleb  and
      Mitros, Piotr  and
      Deane, Paul  and
      Lynch, Collin",
    editor = "Wilson, Joshua  and
      Ormerod, Christopher  and
      Beiting-Parrish, Magdalen",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Artificial Intelligence in Measurement and Education Conference ({AIME}-Con): Works in Progress",
    month = oct,
    year = "2026",
    address = "Wyndham Grand Pittsburgh Downtown, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States",
    publisher = "National Council on Measurement in Education (NCME)",
    url = "https://aclanthology.org/2026.aimecon-wip.46/",
    pages = "358--368",
    ISBN = "979-8-9983004-1-7",
    abstract = "Using a year of authentic Grade 7{--}8 writing from two U.S. middle schools (8,576 documents, 423 students), we test whether keystroke features correlate with English Language Arts proficiency, form interpretable latent dimensions, and vary by gender. Fluency and engagement features reliably index proficiency by Grade 8, though generalizability varies."
}

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%0 Conference Proceedings
%T Measuring Writing Proficiency Through Keystroke Process Data: A Cross-School Generalizability Study
%A Babalola, Damilola
%A Buddarapu, Naga
%A Scott, Caleb
%A Mitros, Piotr
%A Deane, Paul
%A Lynch, Collin
%Y Wilson, Joshua
%Y Ormerod, Christopher
%Y Beiting-Parrish, Magdalen
%S Proceedings of the Artificial Intelligence in Measurement and Education Conference (AIME-Con): Works in Progress
%D 2026
%8 October
%I National Council on Measurement in Education (NCME)
%C Wyndham Grand Pittsburgh Downtown, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
%@ 979-8-9983004-1-7
%F babalola-etal-2026-measuring
%X Using a year of authentic Grade 7–8 writing from two U.S. middle schools (8,576 documents, 423 students), we test whether keystroke features correlate with English Language Arts proficiency, form interpretable latent dimensions, and vary by gender. Fluency and engagement features reliably index proficiency by Grade 8, though generalizability varies.
%U https://aclanthology.org/2026.aimecon-wip.46/
%P 358-368

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Markdown (Informal)

[Measuring Writing Proficiency Through Keystroke Process Data: A Cross-School Generalizability Study](https://aclanthology.org/2026.aimecon-wip.46/) (Babalola et al., AIME-Con 2026)

Measuring Writing Proficiency Through Keystroke Process Data: A Cross-School Generalizability Study (Babalola et al., AIME-Con 2026)

ACL

Damilola Babalola, Naga Buddarapu, Caleb Scott, Piotr Mitros, Paul Deane, and Collin Lynch. 2026. Measuring Writing Proficiency Through Keystroke Process Data: A Cross-School Generalizability Study. In Proceedings of the Artificial Intelligence in Measurement and Education Conference (AIME-Con): Works in Progress, pages 358–368, Wyndham Grand Pittsburgh Downtown, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States. National Council on Measurement in Education (NCME).