CGU-ILALab at FoodBench-QA 2026: Comparing Traditional and LLM-based Approaches for Recipe Nutrient Estimation

Wei-Chun Chen, Yu-Xuan Chen, I-Fang Chung, Ying-Jia Lin


Abstract
Accurate nutrient estimation from unstructured recipe text is an important yet challenging problem in dietary monitoring, due to ambiguous ingredient terminology and highly variable quantity expressions. We systematically evaluate models spanning a wide range of representational capacity, from lexical matching methods (TF-IDF with Ridge Regression), to deep semantic encoders (DeBERTa-v3), to generative reasoning with large language models (LLMs). Under the strict tolerance criteria defined by EU Regulation 1169/2011, our empirical results reveal a clear trade-off between predictive accuracy and computational efficiency. The TF-IDF baseline achieves moderate nutrient estimation performance with near-instantaneous inference, whereas the DeBERTa-v3 encoder performs poorly under task-specific data scarcity. In contrast, few-shot LLM inference (e.g., Gemma-3-27B) and a hybrid LLM refinement pipeline (TF-IDF combined with Gemini 2.5 Flash) deliver higher accuracy across all nutrient categories. These improvements likely arise from the ability of LLMs to leverage pre-trained world knowledge to resolve ambiguous terminology and normalize non-standard units, which remain difficult for purely lexical approaches. However, these gains come at the cost of substantially higher inference latency, highlighting a practical deployment trade-off between real-time efficiency and nutritional precision in dietary monitoring systems.
Anthology ID:
2026.cl4health-1.31
Volume:
Proceedings of the Third Workshop on Patient-Oriented Language Processing (CL4Health) @ LREC 2026
Month:
May
Year:
2026
Address:
Palma, Mallorca (Spain)
Editors:
Deepak Gupta, Paul Thompson, Sophia Ananiadou, Dina Demner-Fushman
Venues:
CL4Health | WS
SIG:
Publisher:
ELRA Language Resources Association (ELRA)
Note:
Pages:
362–368
Language:
External URL:
https://lrec.elra.info/lrec2026-ws-cl4health-31
DOI:
10.63317/34pmiwmf83xc
Bibkey:
Cite (ACL):
Wei-Chun Chen, Yu-Xuan Chen, I-Fang Chung, and Ying-Jia Lin. 2026. CGU-ILALab at FoodBench-QA 2026: Comparing Traditional and LLM-based Approaches for Recipe Nutrient Estimation. In Proceedings of the Third Workshop on Patient-Oriented Language Processing (CL4Health) @ LREC 2026, pages 362–368, Palma, Mallorca (Spain). ELRA Language Resources Association (ELRA).
Cite (Informal):
CGU-ILALab at FoodBench-QA 2026: Comparing Traditional and LLM-based Approaches for Recipe Nutrient Estimation (Chen et al., CL4Health 2026)
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