How Do People Challenge Racial Stereotypes Online? Counter-Story Detection Across Reddit Communities

Uma Gunturi, Jimin Mun, Maarten Sap, Maria Antoniak


Abstract
Counter-storytelling is a powerful mechanism people use to challenge dominant narratives. Unlike other forms of counterspeech that have been widely studied in computational social science, counter-storytelling has largely been overlooked. Counter-stories are difficult to detect automatically; they are relational (defined with respect to expressions of racial stereotypes) and structurally diverse (drawing on stories that describe lived experiences, witnessed events, exemplars, and hypotheticals). We introduce a first framework for detecting and characterizing counter-storytelling against racial stereotypes at scale. This includes (1) a three-dimensional taxonomy grounded in narratology and Critical Race Theory and (2) a multi-stage pipeline that identifies relational pairs of stereotypes and counter-stories in noisy Reddit discourse. Using this pipeline, we annotate 25,549 Reddit posts across 615 communities and identify 1,312 counter-stories. Our analysis shows that speaker identity and post context shape how counter-stories are told. For example, in-group writers favor first-person testimony, often adopting the role of self-reflective insiders. Our work shows how computational methods can scale qualitative approaches to identify and characterize counter-storytelling as a contextual narrative practice, with implications for content moderation, narratology, and racial discourse analysis.
Anthology ID:
2026.emnlp-main.1697
Volume:
Proceedings of the 2026 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing
Month:
October
Year:
2026
Address:
Budapest, Hungary
Editors:
Hung-Yi Lee, Sunipa Dev, Jessy Li, Desmond Elliott
Venue:
EMNLP
SIG:
SIGDAT
Publisher:
Association for Computational Linguistics
Note:
Pages:
38622–38649
Language:
URL:
https://aclanthology.org/2026.emnlp-main.1697/
DOI:
Bibkey:
Cite (ACL):
Uma Gunturi, Jimin Mun, Maarten Sap, and Maria Antoniak. 2026. How Do People Challenge Racial Stereotypes Online? Counter-Story Detection Across Reddit Communities. In Proceedings of the 2026 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing, pages 38622–38649, Budapest, Hungary. Association for Computational Linguistics.
Cite (Informal):
How Do People Challenge Racial Stereotypes Online? Counter-Story Detection Across Reddit Communities (Gunturi et al., EMNLP 2026)
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PDF:
https://aclanthology.org/2026.emnlp-main.1697.pdf