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    <abstract>Presupposing the boundaries of bias is itself a form of bias. We study closed-loop bias governance for Dutch government documents, where a system must detect biased language, ground decisions in legal and contextual evidence, rewrite problematic sentences when intervention is warranted, and verify that the rewrite mitigates harm without distorting meaning. Existing methods face three challenges: (i) discriminative classifiers capture surface regularities but lack normative grounding; (ii) zero-shot LLMs often adopt generic viewpoints and over-flag ambiguous administrative language; and (iii) fixed taxonomies inherit the Closed-World Assumption, missing emerging local targets. We propose MARS-Gov, a standpoint-aware multi-agent framework that combines legal retrieval, open-set target screening, specialized jurors, conservative routing, and rewrite verification. When screening finds an uncovered group, MARS-Gov instantiates a dynamic “10th juror” to deliberate outside the fixed panel. On DGDB, MARS-Gov sets a new SOTA with 0.880 F1, outperforming the strongest zero-shot LLM detector by 20.2 points (29.8% relative) and the best supervised Dutch encoder by 6.8 points, while reducing unnecessary interventions to 2.5%. Leave-One-Category-Out (LOCO) evaluation recovers held-out categories with 85.1% Correct@1 and 93.8% Correct@3.</abstract>
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%0 Conference Proceedings
%T The “10th Juror”: Open-Set Standpoint Screening for Bureaucratic Bias Detection
%A Miao, Yuchen
%A Wang, Zijun
%A Han, Chang
%A Shi, Yurui
%A Zhang, Mingtai
%A xu, Siyang
%Y Lee, Hung-Yi
%Y Dev, Sunipa
%Y Li, Jessy
%Y Elliott, Desmond
%S Proceedings of the 2026 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing
%D 2026
%8 October
%I Association for Computational Linguistics
%C Budapest, Hungary
%@ 979-8-89176-459-0
%F miao-etal-2026-10th
%X Presupposing the boundaries of bias is itself a form of bias. We study closed-loop bias governance for Dutch government documents, where a system must detect biased language, ground decisions in legal and contextual evidence, rewrite problematic sentences when intervention is warranted, and verify that the rewrite mitigates harm without distorting meaning. Existing methods face three challenges: (i) discriminative classifiers capture surface regularities but lack normative grounding; (ii) zero-shot LLMs often adopt generic viewpoints and over-flag ambiguous administrative language; and (iii) fixed taxonomies inherit the Closed-World Assumption, missing emerging local targets. We propose MARS-Gov, a standpoint-aware multi-agent framework that combines legal retrieval, open-set target screening, specialized jurors, conservative routing, and rewrite verification. When screening finds an uncovered group, MARS-Gov instantiates a dynamic “10th juror” to deliberate outside the fixed panel. On DGDB, MARS-Gov sets a new SOTA with 0.880 F1, outperforming the strongest zero-shot LLM detector by 20.2 points (29.8% relative) and the best supervised Dutch encoder by 6.8 points, while reducing unnecessary interventions to 2.5%. Leave-One-Category-Out (LOCO) evaluation recovers held-out categories with 85.1% Correct@1 and 93.8% Correct@3.
%U https://aclanthology.org/2026.emnlp-main.547/
%P 12576-12594

Markdown (Informal)

[The “10th Juror”: Open-Set Standpoint Screening for Bureaucratic Bias Detection](https://aclanthology.org/2026.emnlp-main.547/) (Miao et al., EMNLP 2026)

• The “10th Juror”: Open-Set Standpoint Screening for Bureaucratic Bias Detection (Miao et al., EMNLP 2026)

ACL

• Yuchen Miao, Zijun Wang, Chang Han, Yurui Shi, Mingtai Zhang, and Siyang xu. 2026. The “10th Juror”: Open-Set Standpoint Screening for Bureaucratic Bias Detection. In Proceedings of the 2026 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing, pages 12576–12594, Budapest, Hungary. Association for Computational Linguistics.