@inproceedings{hu-etal-2026-dupo, title = "{DUPO}: Dual-Mode Unified Policy Optimization for Tool-Using Agents", author = "Hu, Zexin and Hu, Mu and Yang, Lijuan and Wang, Yisen and Zhu, Xiaogang and Jiao, KangJian and Fu, Yu and Gu, Lihong and Wang, Zhiyong and Hu, Kun", editor = "Lee, Hung-Yi and Dev, Sunipa and Li, Jessy and Elliott, Desmond", booktitle = "Proceedings of the 2026 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing", month = oct, year = "2026", address = "Budapest, Hungary", publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics", url = "https://aclanthology.org/2026.emnlp-main.836/", pages = "19405--19421", ISBN = "979-8-89176-459-0" }