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        <title>VeriDx: Earning the Right to Diagnose with Disease-Centric Verification</title>
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    <abstract>A correct diagnosis can still be reached for the wrong reasons. In clinical reasoning, every disease hypothesis creates obligations: key evidence must be checked, alternatives must be ruled out, contradictions must be resolved, useful tests must be considered, and closure must be justified. Current evaluations of medical LLMs mostly focus on final answers, local steps, or isolated facts, and therefore miss these hypothesis-induced commitments. We introduce VeriDx, a disease-centric verification framework that links free-form diagnostic reasoning to structured disease profiles. VeriDx tracks whether each hypothesis is satisfied, unresolved, or violated its clinical obligations, exposing failures such as missing critical tests, unresolved differentials, ignored contradictions, unsupported claims, and premature closure. We instantiate VeriDx for complex respiratory diagnosis using guideline-derived disease profiles and expert-annotated longitudinal cases. Our results show that many diagnostic errors are not isolated mistakes, but broken commitments made earlier in the reasoning process.</abstract>
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%0 Conference Proceedings
%T VeriDx: Earning the Right to Diagnose with Disease-Centric Verification
%A Cao, Zhong
%A Chen, Shuying
%Y Lee, Hung-Yi
%Y Dev, Sunipa
%Y Li, Jessy
%Y Elliott, Desmond
%S Proceedings of the 2026 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing
%D 2026
%8 October
%I Association for Computational Linguistics
%C Budapest, Hungary
%@ 979-8-89176-459-0
%F cao-chen-2026-veridx
%X A correct diagnosis can still be reached for the wrong reasons. In clinical reasoning, every disease hypothesis creates obligations: key evidence must be checked, alternatives must be ruled out, contradictions must be resolved, useful tests must be considered, and closure must be justified. Current evaluations of medical LLMs mostly focus on final answers, local steps, or isolated facts, and therefore miss these hypothesis-induced commitments. We introduce VeriDx, a disease-centric verification framework that links free-form diagnostic reasoning to structured disease profiles. VeriDx tracks whether each hypothesis is satisfied, unresolved, or violated its clinical obligations, exposing failures such as missing critical tests, unresolved differentials, ignored contradictions, unsupported claims, and premature closure. We instantiate VeriDx for complex respiratory diagnosis using guideline-derived disease profiles and expert-annotated longitudinal cases. Our results show that many diagnostic errors are not isolated mistakes, but broken commitments made earlier in the reasoning process.
%U https://aclanthology.org/2026.emnlp-main.842/
%P 19543-19559

Markdown (Informal)

[VeriDx: Earning the Right to Diagnose with Disease-Centric Verification](https://aclanthology.org/2026.emnlp-main.842/) (Cao & Chen, EMNLP 2026)

• VeriDx: Earning the Right to Diagnose with Disease-Centric Verification (Cao & Chen, EMNLP 2026)

ACL

• Zhong Cao and Shuying Chen. 2026. VeriDx: Earning the Right to Diagnose with Disease-Centric Verification. In Proceedings of the 2026 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing, pages 19543–19559, Budapest, Hungary. Association for Computational Linguistics.