Can LLMs Write Reliable Rubrics? A Meta-Evaluation for Experiment Reproduction

Hanhua Hong, Yizhi LI, Jiaoyan Chen, Luu Gia Huy, Sophia Ananiadou, Jung-jae Kim, Chenghua Lin


Abstract
Rubric-based evaluation is a promising approach for assessing open-ended outputs from LLM-based research agents, particularly in paper reproduction, where direct paper-to-repository comparison is prone to hallucinations. However, constructing paper-specific rubrics requires substantial expert effort, limiting the scalability of benchmarks such as PaperBench. In this work, we present, to our knowledge, the first systematic meta-evaluation of LLM-generated rubrics for paper reproduction. We reformulate rubrics into a checklist-style format and evaluate four generation settings across two backbone models. We meta-evaluate generated rubrics intrinsically by semantic similarity and extrinsically by score alignment with ground-truth rubrics. Our results show that the augmented settings substantially improves downstream evaluation alignment, with the strongest setting approaching the human baseline, while intrinsic gains are more modest. Further analyses reveal that LLM-generated rubrics are often overly fine-grained, biased toward high scores, and less adaptive to paper domains, highlighting both the promise and limitations.
Anthology ID:
2026.findings-aacl.11
Volume:
Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: IJCNLP-AACL 2026
Month:
November
Year:
2026
Address:
Hengqin, China
Editors:
Yue Zhang, Ruifeng Xu, Ayu Purwarianti, Tong Rong, Jun Suzuki
Venue:
Findings
SIG:
Publisher:
Association for Computational Linguistics
Note:
Pages:
209–226
Language:
URL:
https://aclanthology.org/2026.findings-aacl.11/
DOI:
Bibkey:
Cite (ACL):
Hanhua Hong, Yizhi LI, Jiaoyan Chen, Luu Gia Huy, Sophia Ananiadou, Jung-jae Kim, and Chenghua Lin. 2026. Can LLMs Write Reliable Rubrics? A Meta-Evaluation for Experiment Reproduction. In Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: IJCNLP-AACL 2026, pages 209–226, Hengqin, China. Association for Computational Linguistics.
Cite (Informal):
Can LLMs Write Reliable Rubrics? A Meta-Evaluation for Experiment Reproduction (Hong et al., Findings 2026)
Copy Citation:
PDF:
https://aclanthology.org/2026.findings-aacl.11.pdf