ChartHal: A Fine-grained Framework Evaluating Hallucination of Large Vision Language Models in Chart Understanding

Xingqi Wang, Yiming Cui, Xin Yao, Shijin Wang, Guoping Hu, Xiaoyu Qin


Abstract
Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) have recently demonstrated remarkable progress, yet hallucination remains a critical barrier, particularly in chart understanding, which requires sophisticated perceptual and cognitive abilities and demands rigorous factual accuracy. While prior work has investigated hallucinations and chart comprehension independently, their intersection remains largely unexplored. To address this gap, we present ChartHal, a benchmark that features a fine-grained taxonomy of hallucination scenarios in chart understanding, along with a human-validated dataset of 1,062 samples. Our evaluation shows that state-of-the-art LVLMs suffer from severe hallucinations on ChartHal, with even GPT-5 achieving only 34.46% accuracy. Further analysis reveals that questions involving information absent from or contradictory to charts are especially likely to trigger hallucinations. We also evaluate several representative hallucination mitigation methods and find that they exhibit notable limitations, which underscores the urgent need for more robust chart-specific mitigation strategies.
Anthology ID:
2026.findings-aacl.88
Volume:
Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: IJCNLP-AACL 2026
Month:
November
Year:
2026
Address:
Hengqin, China
Editors:
Yue Zhang, Ruifeng Xu, Ayu Purwarianti, Tong Rong, Jun Suzuki
Venue:
Findings
SIG:
Publisher:
Association for Computational Linguistics
Note:
Pages:
1779–1796
Language:
URL:
https://aclanthology.org/2026.findings-aacl.88/
DOI:
Bibkey:
Cite (ACL):
Xingqi Wang, Yiming Cui, Xin Yao, Shijin Wang, Guoping Hu, and Xiaoyu Qin. 2026. ChartHal: A Fine-grained Framework Evaluating Hallucination of Large Vision Language Models in Chart Understanding. In Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: IJCNLP-AACL 2026, pages 1779–1796, Hengqin, China. Association for Computational Linguistics.
Cite (Informal):
ChartHal: A Fine-grained Framework Evaluating Hallucination of Large Vision Language Models in Chart Understanding (Wang et al., Findings 2026)
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PDF:
https://aclanthology.org/2026.findings-aacl.88.pdf