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    <abstract>Neologisms and emerging slang are central to daily conversation, yet challenging for non-native speakers (NNS) to interpret and use appropriately in cross-cultural communication with native speakers (NS). NNS increasingly make use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools to learn these words. We study the utility of such tools in mediating an informal communication scenario through a human-subjects study (N=234): NNS participants learn English neologisms with AI support, write messages using the learned word to an NS friend, and judge contextual appropriateness of the neologism in two provided writing samples. Using both NS evaluator-rated communicative competence of NNS-produced writing and NNS’ contextual appropriateness judgments, we compare three AI-based support conditions: AI Definition, AI Rewrite into simpler English, AI Explanation of meaning and usage, and Non-AI Dictionary for comparison. We show that AI Explanation yields the largest gains over no support in NS-rated competence, while contextual appropriateness judgments show indifference across support. NNS participants’ self-reported perceptions tend to overestimate NS ratings, revealing a mismatch between perceived and actual competence. We further observe a significant gap between NNS- and NS-produced writing, highlighting the limitations of current AI tools and informing design for future tools.</abstract>
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%0 Conference Proceedings
%T Reheat Nachos for Dinner? Evaluating AI Support for Cross-Cultural Communication of Neologisms
%A Ki, Dayeon
%A Hou, Yu
%A Rudinger, Rachel
%A Daumé Iii, Hal
%A Carpuat, Marine
%A Yang, Fumeng
%Y Liakata, Maria
%Y Moreira, Viviane P.
%Y Zhang, Jiajun
%Y Jurgens, David
%S Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: ACL 2026
%D 2026
%8 July
%I Association for Computational Linguistics
%C San Diego, California, United States
%@ 979-8-89176-395-1
%F ki-etal-2026-reheat
%X Neologisms and emerging slang are central to daily conversation, yet challenging for non-native speakers (NNS) to interpret and use appropriately in cross-cultural communication with native speakers (NS). NNS increasingly make use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools to learn these words. We study the utility of such tools in mediating an informal communication scenario through a human-subjects study (N=234): NNS participants learn English neologisms with AI support, write messages using the learned word to an NS friend, and judge contextual appropriateness of the neologism in two provided writing samples. Using both NS evaluator-rated communicative competence of NNS-produced writing and NNS’ contextual appropriateness judgments, we compare three AI-based support conditions: AI Definition, AI Rewrite into simpler English, AI Explanation of meaning and usage, and Non-AI Dictionary for comparison. We show that AI Explanation yields the largest gains over no support in NS-rated competence, while contextual appropriateness judgments show indifference across support. NNS participants’ self-reported perceptions tend to overestimate NS ratings, revealing a mismatch between perceived and actual competence. We further observe a significant gap between NNS- and NS-produced writing, highlighting the limitations of current AI tools and informing design for future tools.
%U https://aclanthology.org/2026.findings-acl.1312/
%P 26325-26362

Markdown (Informal)

[Reheat Nachos for Dinner? Evaluating AI Support for Cross-Cultural Communication of Neologisms](https://aclanthology.org/2026.findings-acl.1312/) (Ki et al., Findings 2026)

• Reheat Nachos for Dinner? Evaluating AI Support for Cross-Cultural Communication of Neologisms (Ki et al., Findings 2026)

ACL

• Dayeon Ki, Yu Hou, Rachel Rudinger, Hal Daumé Iii, Marine Carpuat, and Fumeng Yang. 2026. Reheat Nachos for Dinner? Evaluating AI Support for Cross-Cultural Communication of Neologisms. In Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: ACL 2026, pages 26325–26362, San Diego, California, United States. Association for Computational Linguistics.