SpanDiffusion: Flow Matching over Continuous Span Masks for Financial Causal Question Answering

Georg Niess, Roman Kern


Abstract
We present SpanDiffusion, a continuous diffusion approach to extractive causal question answering for the FinCausal 2026 shared task. SpanDiffusion uses two Gaussian masks, continuous signals with peaks at the answer start and end positions, and learns to denoise them from pure noise through a dedicated transformer conditioned on frozen DeBERTa-v3-large embeddings with LoRA adapters (1.6M parameters). By replacing Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Models (DDPM) with flow matching (rectified flow), we reduce denoising to only 20 Euler steps at inference. A systematic ablation across six diffusion variants and a span-classification baseline shows that LoRA adaptation is the dominant factor (+34 Exact Match points), followed by flow matching (+5.5 EM). However, the standard span classifier (85.8% EM) outperforms our best diffusion model (83.0% EM), suggesting that the denoiser does not yet justify its added complexity. We discuss tradeoffs between the interpretability of diffusion trajectories and classification accuracy.
Anthology ID:
2026.fnp-1.15
Volume:
The 7th Financial Narrative Processing Workshop
Month:
May
Year:
2026
Address:
Palma de Mallorca, Spain
Editors:
Mo El-Haj, Antonio Moreno Sandoval, Ana Garcia-Serrano, Chung-Chi Chen, Paul Rayson, Yanco Amor Torterolo Orta, Paloma Martinez, Jordi Porta
Venues:
FNP | WS
SIG:
Publisher:
European Language Resources Association (ELRA)
Note:
Pages:
146–151
Language:
External URL:
https://lrec.elra.info/lrec2026-ws-fnp-15
DOI:
10.63317/4bm7v3ccgmjy
Bibkey:
Cite (ACL):
Georg Niess and Roman Kern. 2026. SpanDiffusion: Flow Matching over Continuous Span Masks for Financial Causal Question Answering. In The 7th Financial Narrative Processing Workshop, pages 146–151, Palma de Mallorca, Spain. European Language Resources Association (ELRA).
Cite (Informal):
SpanDiffusion: Flow Matching over Continuous Span Masks for Financial Causal Question Answering (Niess & Kern, FNP 2026)
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