Quid est VERITAS? A Modular Framework for Archival Document Analysis

Leonardo Bassanini, Ludovico Biancardi, Alfio Ferrara, Andrea Gamberini, Sergio Picascia, Folco Vaglienti


Abstract
The digitisation of historical documents has traditionally been conceived as a process limited to character-level transcription, producing flat text that lacks the structural and semantic information necessary for substantive computational analysis. We present VERITAS (Vision-Enhanced Reading, Interpretation, and Transcription of Archival Sources), a modular, model-agnostic framework that reconceptualises digitisation as an integrated workflow encompassing transcription, layout analysis, and semantic enrichment. The pipeline is organised into four stages—Preprocessing, Extraction, Refinement, and Enrichment—and employs a schema-driven architecture that allows researchers to declaratively specify their extraction objectives. We evaluate VERITAS on the critical edition of Bernardino Corio’s Storia di Milano, a Renaissance chronicle of over 1,600 pages. Results demonstrate that the pipeline achieves a 67.6% relative reduction in word error rate compared to a commercial OCR baseline, with a threefold reduction in end-to-end processing time when accounting for manual correction. We further illustrate the downstream utility of the pipeline’s output by querying the transcribed corpus through a retrieval-augmented generation system, demonstrating its capacity to support historical inquiry.
Anthology ID:
2026.llms4ssh-1.6
Volume:
Proceedings of Shaping Multilingual, Multimodal AI for the Social Sciences and Humanities (LLMs4SSH) @ LREC 2026
Month:
May
Year:
2026
Address:
Palma de Mallorca (Spain)
Editors:
Arturo Montejo-Raez, Cristina Grisot, Joanna Blochowiak, Nikola Ljubešić, Elena Battaner, German Rigau
Venues:
LLMs4SSH | WS
SIG:
Publisher:
ELRA Language Resources Association (ELRA)
Note:
Pages:
57–66
Language:
External URL:
https://lrec.elra.info/lrec2026-ws-llms4ssh-06
DOI:
10.63317/3ec9hbgdgs8x
Bibkey:
Cite (ACL):
Leonardo Bassanini, Ludovico Biancardi, Alfio Ferrara, Andrea Gamberini, Sergio Picascia, and Folco Vaglienti. 2026. Quid est VERITAS? A Modular Framework for Archival Document Analysis. In Proceedings of Shaping Multilingual, Multimodal AI for the Social Sciences and Humanities (LLMs4SSH) @ LREC 2026, pages 57–66, Palma de Mallorca (Spain). ELRA Language Resources Association (ELRA).
Cite (Informal):
Quid est VERITAS? A Modular Framework for Archival Document Analysis (Bassanini et al., LLMs4SSH 2026)
Copy Citation: