FRASE: Frame-based Structured Representations for Generalizable SPARQL Query Generation

Papa Abdou Karim Karou Diallo, Amal Zouaq


Abstract
Translating natural language questions into SPARQL queries enables Knowledge Base querying for factual and up-to-date responses. However, existing datasets for this task are predominantly template-based, leading models to learn superficial mappings between question and query templates rather than developing true generalization capabilities. As a result, models struggle when encountering naturally phrased, template-free questions. This paper introduces FRASE (FRAme-based Semantic Enhancement), a novel approach that leverages Frame Semantic Role Labeling (FSRL) to overcome this limitation. In addition, we present LCQ1-Frame, LCQ2-Frame, and QALD-10-Frame—a suite of new datasets derived from LC-QuAD 1.0, LC-QuAD 2.0, and QALD-10 where each question is enriched using FRASE through frame detection and the mapping of frame-elements to their corresponding arguments. We evaluate our approach for the Question-2-SPARQL task through extensive experiments using recent large language models (LLMs) under different fine-tuning configurations. Our results demonstrate that integrating frame-based structured representations consistently improves SPARQL generation performance, particularly in challenging generalization scenarios when test questions feature unseen templates (unknown template splits) and when they are all naturally phrased (reformulated questions).
Anthology ID:
2026.lrec-1.101
Volume:
Proceedings of the Fifteenth Language Resources and Evaluation Conference
Month:
May
Year:
2026
Address:
Palma de Mallorca, Spain
Editors:
Stelios Piperidis, Núria Bel, Henk van den Heuvel, Nancy Ide, Simon Krek, Antonio Toral
Venue:
LREC
SIG:
Publisher:
ELRA Language Resource Association
Note:
Pages:
1303–1319
Language:
External URL:
https://lrec.elra.info/lrec2026-main-101
DOI:
10.63317/52g4z7jtim8o
Bibkey:
Cite (ACL):
Papa Abdou Karim Karou Diallo and Amal Zouaq. 2026. FRASE: Frame-based Structured Representations for Generalizable SPARQL Query Generation. In Proceedings of the Fifteenth Language Resources and Evaluation Conference, pages 1303–1319, Palma de Mallorca, Spain. ELRA Language Resource Association.
Cite (Informal):
FRASE: Frame-based Structured Representations for Generalizable SPARQL Query Generation (Diallo & Zouaq, LREC 2026)
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