More than "Oh": Grounding Observable Events with Grunts in Multimodal Dialogue

Richard A. Brutti, James Pustejovsky


Abstract
Conversational grunts (minimal vocalizations like oh, mm-hm, and uh-huh) ground information and coordinate understanding in human dialogue, yet computational systems typically treat them as noise rather than meaningful communicative acts. We present a systematic annotation and analysis of 497 grunts across 3 hours of multimodal collaborative tasks, introducing an annotation scheme that captures grunts, their antecedents, and dialogue act functions. Our analysis reveals that grunts respond to speech and observable events at nearly equal rates, demonstrating that non-verbal events function as conversational contributions requiring acknowledgment. Tokens exhibit functional specialization: mm-hm predominantly acknowledges speech, while oh preferentially acknowledges events. Prosodic analysis shows speakers systematically modulate duration and pitch based on antecedent type, with event responses typically longer and having greater range. These findings have implications for dialogue state tracking, multimodal grounding, and turn-taking in conversational AI systems.
Anthology ID:
2026.lrec-1.132
Volume:
Proceedings of the Fifteenth Language Resources and Evaluation Conference
Month:
May
Year:
2026
Address:
Palma de Mallorca, Spain
Editors:
Stelios Piperidis, Núria Bel, Henk van den Heuvel, Nancy Ide, Simon Krek, Antonio Toral
Venue:
LREC
SIG:
Publisher:
ELRA Language Resource Association
Note:
Pages:
1677–1687
Language:
External URL:
https://lrec.elra.info/lrec2026-main-132
DOI:
10.63317/43opy9tsucf3
Bibkey:
Cite (ACL):
Richard A. Brutti and James Pustejovsky. 2026. More than "Oh": Grounding Observable Events with Grunts in Multimodal Dialogue. In Proceedings of the Fifteenth Language Resources and Evaluation Conference, pages 1677–1687, Palma de Mallorca, Spain. ELRA Language Resource Association.
Cite (Informal):
More than “Oh”: Grounding Observable Events with Grunts in Multimodal Dialogue (Brutti & Pustejovsky, LREC 2026)
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