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    <abstract>We present LuxBorrow, a borrowing-first analysis of Luxembourgish (LU) news spanning 27 years (1999–2025): 259,305 RTL articles and 43.7M tokens. Our pipeline combines sentence-level language identification (LU/DE/FR/EN) with a token-level borrowing resolver restricted to LU sentences, using lemmatization, a collected loanword registry, and compiled morphological/orthographic rules. Empirically, LU remains the matrix language across all documents, while multilingual practice is pervasive: 77.1% of articles include at least one donor language and 65.4% use three or four. Breadth does not imply intensity: median code-mixing index (CMI) increases from 3.90 (LU+1) to only 7.00 (LU+3), indicating localized insertions rather than balanced bilingual text. Domain/period summaries show moderate but persistent mixing, with CMI rising from 6.1 (1999–2007) to a peak of 8.4 (2020). Token-level adaptations total 25,444 instances and exhibit a mixed profile: morphological 63.8%, orthographic 35.9%, lexical 0.3%; the most frequent single rules are orthographic (on→oun, eur→er), while morphology is collectively dominant. Diachronically, code-switching intensifies, and morphologically adapted borrowings grow from a small base; French overwhelmingly supplies adapted items, with modest growth for German and negligible English. We advocate borrowing-centric evaluation, borrowed token/type rates, donor entropy over borrowed items, and assimilation ratios over headline document-level mixing indices.</abstract>
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%0 Conference Proceedings
%T LuxBorrow: From Pompier to Pompjee, Tracing Borrowing in Luxembourgish
%A Hosseini-Kivanani, Nina
%A Philippy, Fred
%Y Piperidis, Stelios
%Y Bel, Núria
%Y van den Heuvel, Henk
%Y Ide, Nancy
%Y Krek, Simon
%Y Toral, Antonio
%S Proceedings of the Fifteenth Language Resources and Evaluation Conference
%D 2026
%8 May
%I ELRA Language Resource Association
%C Palma de Mallorca, Spain
%F hosseini-kivanani-philippy-2026-luxborrow
%X We present LuxBorrow, a borrowing-first analysis of Luxembourgish (LU) news spanning 27 years (1999–2025): 259,305 RTL articles and 43.7M tokens. Our pipeline combines sentence-level language identification (LU/DE/FR/EN) with a token-level borrowing resolver restricted to LU sentences, using lemmatization, a collected loanword registry, and compiled morphological/orthographic rules. Empirically, LU remains the matrix language across all documents, while multilingual practice is pervasive: 77.1% of articles include at least one donor language and 65.4% use three or four. Breadth does not imply intensity: median code-mixing index (CMI) increases from 3.90 (LU+1) to only 7.00 (LU+3), indicating localized insertions rather than balanced bilingual text. Domain/period summaries show moderate but persistent mixing, with CMI rising from 6.1 (1999–2007) to a peak of 8.4 (2020). Token-level adaptations total 25,444 instances and exhibit a mixed profile: morphological 63.8%, orthographic 35.9%, lexical 0.3%; the most frequent single rules are orthographic (on→oun, eur→er), while morphology is collectively dominant. Diachronically, code-switching intensifies, and morphologically adapted borrowings grow from a small base; French overwhelmingly supplies adapted items, with modest growth for German and negligible English. We advocate borrowing-centric evaluation, borrowed token/type rates, donor entropy over borrowed items, and assimilation ratios over headline document-level mixing indices.
%R 10.63317/38pbv3g6swmm
%U https://aclanthology.org/2026.lrec-1.249/
%U https://doi.org/10.63317/38pbv3g6swmm
%P 3171-3183

Markdown (Informal)

[LuxBorrow: From Pompier to Pompjee, Tracing Borrowing in Luxembourgish](https://aclanthology.org/2026.lrec-1.249/) (Hosseini-Kivanani & Philippy, LREC 2026)

• LuxBorrow: From Pompier to Pompjee, Tracing Borrowing in Luxembourgish (Hosseini-Kivanani & Philippy, LREC 2026)

ACL

• Nina Hosseini-Kivanani and Fred Philippy. 2026. LuxBorrow: From Pompier to Pompjee, Tracing Borrowing in Luxembourgish. In Proceedings of the Fifteenth Language Resources and Evaluation Conference, pages 3171–3183, Palma de Mallorca, Spain. ELRA Language Resource Association.