A Binary Problem in Binary QA: Diverse LLMs or Diverse Question Interpretations? That Is the Ensembling Question

Rafael Rosales, Santiago Miret


Abstract
Effectively leveraging diversity has been shown to improve performance for various machine learning models, including large language models (LLMs). However, determining the most effective way of using diversity remains a challenge. In this work, we compare two diversity approaches for answering binary questions using LLMs: model diversity, which relies on multiple models answering the same question, and question interpretation diversity, which relies on using the same model to answer the same question framed in different ways. For both cases, we apply majority voting as the ensemble consensus heuristic to determine the final answer. Our experiments on boolq, strategyqa, and pubmedqa show that question interpretation diversity consistently leads to better ensemble accuracy compared to model diversity. Furthermore, our analysis of GPT and LLaMa shows that model diversity typically produces results between the best and the worst ensemble members without clear improvement.
Anthology ID:
2026.lrec-1.400
Volume:
Proceedings of the Fifteenth Language Resources and Evaluation Conference
Month:
May
Year:
2026
Address:
Palma de Mallorca, Spain
Editors:
Stelios Piperidis, Núria Bel, Henk van den Heuvel, Nancy Ide, Simon Krek, Antonio Toral
Venue:
LREC
SIG:
Publisher:
ELRA Language Resource Association
Note:
Pages:
5116–5128
Language:
External URL:
https://lrec.elra.info/lrec2026-main-400
DOI:
10.63317/43t2yvgid7tw
Bibkey:
Cite (ACL):
Rafael Rosales and Santiago Miret. 2026. A Binary Problem in Binary QA: Diverse LLMs or Diverse Question Interpretations? That Is the Ensembling Question. In Proceedings of the Fifteenth Language Resources and Evaluation Conference, pages 5116–5128, Palma de Mallorca, Spain. ELRA Language Resource Association.
Cite (Informal):
A Binary Problem in Binary QA: Diverse LLMs or Diverse Question Interpretations? That Is the Ensembling Question (Rosales & Miret, LREC 2026)
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