Explore Political Discourse with Transformers. Emergent Paradigmatic and Syntagmatic Representations.

Laurent Vanni, Damon Mayaffre


Abstract
Textual data analysis lies at the heart of inductive reasoning in corpus linguistics. Corpus-driven approaches place the corpus at the center of working hypotheses and use statistical processing as an exploratory tool. With deep neural networks, the training corpus is also crucial, but the objectives are less exploratory. Nevertheless, the performance of Transformers in automatic language processing suggests that self-attention is an effective means of extracting structural information from corpora. In this article, we present interdisciplinary work that uses Transformers descriptively to shed light on linguistic phenomena present in a learning corpus. We propose using two feature-based interpretation methods in a case study of political speeches applied to a text generation task. The first method is a global approach that uses attention scores to analyse the training corpus. The second is a local approach that uses gradient-based features to analyse predictions. These methods are compared to standard statistical techniques, providing empirical confirmation of the observed phenomena. We conclude on the potential of Transformers as a heuristic tool for corpus linguistics.
Anthology ID:
2026.lrec-1.597
Volume:
Proceedings of the Fifteenth Language Resources and Evaluation Conference
Month:
May
Year:
2026
Address:
Palma de Mallorca, Spain
Editors:
Stelios Piperidis, Núria Bel, Henk van den Heuvel, Nancy Ide, Simon Krek, Antonio Toral
Venue:
LREC
SIG:
Publisher:
ELRA Language Resource Association
Note:
Pages:
7534–7544
Language:
External URL:
https://lrec.elra.info/lrec2026-main-597
DOI:
10.63317/3tgpydvmvpeu
Bibkey:
Cite (ACL):
Laurent Vanni and Damon Mayaffre. 2026. Explore Political Discourse with Transformers. Emergent Paradigmatic and Syntagmatic Representations.. In Proceedings of the Fifteenth Language Resources and Evaluation Conference, pages 7534–7544, Palma de Mallorca, Spain. ELRA Language Resource Association.
Cite (Informal):
Explore Political Discourse with Transformers. Emergent Paradigmatic and Syntagmatic Representations. (Vanni & Mayaffre, LREC 2026)
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