Biases in Translation: Assessing Opinion Distortion in Machine Translated Texts

Nazanin Shafiabadi, François Yvon


Abstract
Current machine translation (MT) evaluation practices largely assume that high lexical and semantic fidelity implies preservation of meaning. We question this assumption by introducing a framework for detecting and quantifying translation-induced distortion—the systematic alteration of a text’s subjective properties during translation. Focusing on stance as a socially consequential property, we formalize stance preservation as an invariance problem and adapt two classical statistical tests, McNemar’s test and the two-proportion Z-test, to diagnose systematic opinion shifts between source texts and their translations. Unlike standard MT metrics such as BLEU or COMET, which prioritize surface similarity and adequacy, our approach explicitly targets preservation of subjective meaning. In controlled experiments with synthetically distorted translations, we demonstrate that the proposed tests are sensitive to graded levels of stance manipulation. We apply our framework to evaluate twelve multilingual models and find that none reliably preserve stance across all tested language directions. Our findings reveal a critical gap in current MT evaluation practices and highlight the need for explicit evaluation of subjective meaning preservation in socially and politically sensitive contexts.
Anthology ID:
2026.lrec-1.679
Volume:
Proceedings of the Fifteenth Language Resources and Evaluation Conference
Month:
May
Year:
2026
Address:
Palma de Mallorca, Spain
Editors:
Stelios Piperidis, Núria Bel, Henk van den Heuvel, Nancy Ide, Simon Krek, Antonio Toral
Venue:
LREC
SIG:
Publisher:
ELRA Language Resource Association
Note:
Pages:
8596–8614
Language:
External URL:
https://lrec.elra.info/lrec2026-main-679
DOI:
10.63317/2pjio9ho8rxg
Bibkey:
Cite (ACL):
Nazanin Shafiabadi and François Yvon. 2026. Biases in Translation: Assessing Opinion Distortion in Machine Translated Texts. In Proceedings of the Fifteenth Language Resources and Evaluation Conference, pages 8596–8614, Palma de Mallorca, Spain. ELRA Language Resource Association.
Cite (Informal):
Biases in Translation: Assessing Opinion Distortion in Machine Translated Texts (Shafiabadi & Yvon, LREC 2026)
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