Code-Switching in End-to-End Automatic Speech Recognition: A Systematic Literature Review

Maha Tufail Agro; Atharva A. Kulkarni; Karima Kadaoui; Zeerak Talat; Hanan Aldarmaki

doi:10.63317/477upr9ikf9n

Code-Switching in End-to-End Automatic Speech Recognition: A Systematic Literature Review

Maha Tufail Agro, Atharva A. Kulkarni, Karima Kadaoui, Zeerak Talat, Hanan Aldarmaki

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Abstract

Motivated by a growing research interest into automatic speech recognition (ASR), and the growing body of work for languages in which code-switching (CS) often occurs, we present a systematic literature review of code-switching in end-to-end ASR models. We collect and manually annotate papers published in peer reviewed venues. We document the languages considered, datasets, metrics, model choices, and performance, and present a discussion of challenges in end-to-end ASR for code-switching. Our analysis thus provides insights on current research efforts and available resources as well as opportunities and gaps to guide future research.

Anthology ID:: 2026.lrec-1.768
Volume:: Proceedings of the Fifteenth Language Resources and Evaluation Conference
Month:: May
Year:: 2026
Address:: Palma de Mallorca, Spain
Editors:: Stelios Piperidis, Núria Bel, Henk van den Heuvel, Nancy Ide, Simon Krek, Antonio Toral
Venue:: LREC
SIG:
Publisher:: ELRA Language Resource Association
Note:
Pages:: 9790–9812
Language:
External URL:: https://lrec.elra.info/lrec2026-main-768
DOI:: 10.63317/477upr9ikf9n
Bibkey:
Cite (ACL):: Maha Tufail Agro, Atharva A. Kulkarni, Karima Kadaoui, Zeerak Talat, and Hanan Aldarmaki. 2026. Code-Switching in End-to-End Automatic Speech Recognition: A Systematic Literature Review. In Proceedings of the Fifteenth Language Resources and Evaluation Conference, pages 9790–9812, Palma de Mallorca, Spain. ELRA Language Resource Association.
Cite (Informal):: Code-Switching in End-to-End Automatic Speech Recognition: A Systematic Literature Review (Agro et al., LREC 2026)
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@inproceedings{agro-etal-2026-code,
    title = "Code-Switching in End-to-End Automatic Speech Recognition: A Systematic Literature Review",
    author = "Agro, Maha Tufail  and
      Kulkarni, Atharva A.  and
      Kadaoui, Karima  and
      Talat, Zeerak  and
      Aldarmaki, Hanan",
    editor = "Piperidis, Stelios  and
      Bel, N{\'u}ria  and
      van den Heuvel, Henk  and
      Ide, Nancy  and
      Krek, Simon  and
      Toral, Antonio",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Fifteenth Language Resources and Evaluation Conference",
    month = may,
    year = "2026",
    address = "Palma de Mallorca, Spain",
    publisher = "ELRA Language Resource Association",
    url = "https://aclanthology.org/2026.lrec-1.768/",
    doi = "10.63317/477upr9ikf9n",
    pages = "9790--9812",
    abstract = "Motivated by a growing research interest into automatic speech recognition (ASR), and the growing body of work for languages in which code-switching (CS) often occurs, we present a systematic literature review of code-switching in end-to-end ASR models. We collect and manually annotate papers published in peer reviewed venues. We document the languages considered, datasets, metrics, model choices, and performance, and present a discussion of challenges in end-to-end ASR for code-switching. Our analysis thus provides insights on current research efforts and available resources as well as opportunities and gaps to guide future research."
}

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%0 Conference Proceedings
%T Code-Switching in End-to-End Automatic Speech Recognition: A Systematic Literature Review
%A Agro, Maha Tufail
%A Kulkarni, Atharva A.
%A Kadaoui, Karima
%A Talat, Zeerak
%A Aldarmaki, Hanan
%Y Piperidis, Stelios
%Y Bel, Núria
%Y van den Heuvel, Henk
%Y Ide, Nancy
%Y Krek, Simon
%Y Toral, Antonio
%S Proceedings of the Fifteenth Language Resources and Evaluation Conference
%D 2026
%8 May
%I ELRA Language Resource Association
%C Palma de Mallorca, Spain
%F agro-etal-2026-code
%X Motivated by a growing research interest into automatic speech recognition (ASR), and the growing body of work for languages in which code-switching (CS) often occurs, we present a systematic literature review of code-switching in end-to-end ASR models. We collect and manually annotate papers published in peer reviewed venues. We document the languages considered, datasets, metrics, model choices, and performance, and present a discussion of challenges in end-to-end ASR for code-switching. Our analysis thus provides insights on current research efforts and available resources as well as opportunities and gaps to guide future research.
%R 10.63317/477upr9ikf9n
%U https://aclanthology.org/2026.lrec-1.768/
%U https://doi.org/10.63317/477upr9ikf9n
%P 9790-9812

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Markdown (Informal)

[Code-Switching in End-to-End Automatic Speech Recognition: A Systematic Literature Review](https://aclanthology.org/2026.lrec-1.768/) (Agro et al., LREC 2026)

Code-Switching in End-to-End Automatic Speech Recognition: A Systematic Literature Review (Agro et al., LREC 2026)

ACL

Maha Tufail Agro, Atharva A. Kulkarni, Karima Kadaoui, Zeerak Talat, and Hanan Aldarmaki. 2026. Code-Switching in End-to-End Automatic Speech Recognition: A Systematic Literature Review. In Proceedings of the Fifteenth Language Resources and Evaluation Conference, pages 9790–9812, Palma de Mallorca, Spain. ELRA Language Resource Association.