TempPerturb-Eval: On the Joint Effects of Internal Temperature and External Perturbations in RAG Robustness

Yongxin Zhou, Philippe Mulhem, Didier Schwab


Abstract
The evaluation of Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems typically examines retrieval quality and generation parameters like temperature in isolation, overlooking their interaction. This work presents a systematic investigation of how text perturbations (simulating noisy retrieval) interact with temperature settings across multiple LLM runs. We propose a comprehensive RAG Perturbation-Temperature Analysis Framework that subjects retrieved documents to three distinct perturbation types across varying temperature settings. Through extensive experiments on HotpotQA with both open-source and proprietary LLMs, we demonstrate that performance degradation follows distinct patterns: high-temperature settings consistently amplify vulnerability to perturbations, while certain perturbation types exhibit non-linear sensitivity across the temperature range. Our work yields three key contributions: (1) a diagnostic benchmark for assessing RAG robustness, (2) an analytical framework for quantifying perturbation-temperature interactions, and (3) practical guidelines for model selection and parameter tuning under noisy retrieval conditions.
Anthology ID:
2026.lrec-1.9
Volume:
Proceedings of the Fifteenth Language Resources and Evaluation Conference
Month:
May
Year:
2026
Address:
Palma de Mallorca, Spain
Editors:
Stelios Piperidis, Núria Bel, Henk van den Heuvel, Nancy Ide, Simon Krek, Antonio Toral
Venue:
LREC
SIG:
Publisher:
ELRA Language Resource Association
Note:
Pages:
117–127
Language:
External URL:
https://lrec.elra.info/lrec2026-main-009
DOI:
10.63317/3v28zfbo6agu
Bibkey:
Cite (ACL):
Yongxin Zhou, Philippe Mulhem, and Didier Schwab. 2026. TempPerturb-Eval: On the Joint Effects of Internal Temperature and External Perturbations in RAG Robustness. In Proceedings of the Fifteenth Language Resources and Evaluation Conference, pages 117–127, Palma de Mallorca, Spain. ELRA Language Resource Association.
Cite (Informal):
TempPerturb-Eval: On the Joint Effects of Internal Temperature and External Perturbations in RAG Robustness (Zhou et al., LREC 2026)
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