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    <abstract>This article proposes the Conventional and Novel Metaphor Identification Procedure (CNMIP) for Mandarin Chinese and applies this replicable protocol to annotate the VUPMC dataset, a new Political Metaphor Corpus developed at VU University Amsterdam. The VUPMC corpus contains three Chinese political genres (Policy Documents, Remarks, News Reports) and includes over 220,000 tokens of concordance sentences for the node word 贸易 ‘trade’. The corpus analysis shows that 6.64% of lexical units in the VUPMC dataset are used as metaphor-related words (MRWs) to frame trade (e.g., using ‘war’ to frame trade as a war). Further tests show that distributions of MRWs differ significantly across genres and Parts of Speech. Similarities in MRW distributions between the VUPMC and other datasets confirm the reliability of the CNMIP procedure. The differences, however, highlight the methodological advances in manual annotation of conventional and novel MRWs as well as the distinctive features of Chinese political genres. The VUPMC dataset serves as a valuable language resource for computational detection of Chinese conventional and novel metaphors.</abstract>
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%0 Conference Proceedings
%T VUPMC: A New Political Metaphor Corpus in Mandarin Chinese
%A Tan, Xiaojuan
%Y Piperidis, Stelios
%Y Bel, Núria
%Y van den Heuvel, Henk
%Y Ide, Nancy
%Y Krek, Simon
%Y Toral, Antonio
%S Proceedings of the Fifteenth Language Resources and Evaluation Conference
%D 2026
%8 May
%I ELRA Language Resource Association
%C Palma de Mallorca, Spain
%F tan-2026-vupmc
%X This article proposes the Conventional and Novel Metaphor Identification Procedure (CNMIP) for Mandarin Chinese and applies this replicable protocol to annotate the VUPMC dataset, a new Political Metaphor Corpus developed at VU University Amsterdam. The VUPMC corpus contains three Chinese political genres (Policy Documents, Remarks, News Reports) and includes over 220,000 tokens of concordance sentences for the node word 贸易 ‘trade’. The corpus analysis shows that 6.64% of lexical units in the VUPMC dataset are used as metaphor-related words (MRWs) to frame trade (e.g., using ‘war’ to frame trade as a war). Further tests show that distributions of MRWs differ significantly across genres and Parts of Speech. Similarities in MRW distributions between the VUPMC and other datasets confirm the reliability of the CNMIP procedure. The differences, however, highlight the methodological advances in manual annotation of conventional and novel MRWs as well as the distinctive features of Chinese political genres. The VUPMC dataset serves as a valuable language resource for computational detection of Chinese conventional and novel metaphors.
%R 10.63317/5exd4mc9kh4d
%U https://aclanthology.org/2026.lrec-1.940/
%U https://doi.org/10.63317/5exd4mc9kh4d
%P 12007-12018

Markdown (Informal)

[VUPMC: A New Political Metaphor Corpus in Mandarin Chinese](https://aclanthology.org/2026.lrec-1.940/) (Tan, LREC 2026)

• VUPMC: A New Political Metaphor Corpus in Mandarin Chinese (Tan, LREC 2026)

ACL

• Xiaojuan Tan. 2026. VUPMC: A New Political Metaphor Corpus in Mandarin Chinese. In Proceedings of the Fifteenth Language Resources and Evaluation Conference, pages 12007–12018, Palma de Mallorca, Spain. ELRA Language Resource Association.