A Pilot Study Investigating Stakeholder Subjectivity in Collaborative Dialog Analysis

Ananya Ganesh, Martha Palmer, Katharina von der Wense


Abstract
Qualitative research in education relies on“ground truth" codes or labels generated by having a trained or expert coder code observations in data such as student dialog. Although rigorous validity checks are a part of the coding process, there is limited research investigating how and to what extent, this notion of the ground truth is influenced by inherent task subjectivity. This paper presents a pilot study of task subjectivity centered around the phenomenon of verbal off-task behavior. The context for this study is real-world small-group collaborative conversations among three to five students in a middle-school science classroom. To investigate how stakeholders such as teachers and students show subjectivity in approaching this task, we recruit five teachers from the Prolific online platform, and five students from local middle and high schools as annotators of off-task speech. We show that teachers, students, and expert coders differ in their perception of off-task speech, with some of these differences being systematic. Drawing upon recent research in machine learning and natural language processing, we then outline the potential benefits of collecting and modeling a range of codes that explicitly represent the subjective perspectives of a diverse set of coders.
Anthology ID:
2026.nlperspectives-1.13
Volume:
Proceedings of the the fifth edition of NLPerspectives
Month:
May
Year:
2026
Address:
Palma, Mallorca (Spain)
Editors:
Shiran Dudy, Gavin Abercrombie, Valerio Basile, Elisa Leonardelli, Simona Frenda
Venues:
NLPerspectives | WS
SIG:
Publisher:
ELRA Language Resources Association (ELRA)
Note:
Pages:
136–144
Language:
External URL:
https://lrec.elra.info/lrec2026-ws-nlperspectives-13
DOI:
10.63317/52krmhen6sw2
Bibkey:
Cite (ACL):
Ananya Ganesh, Martha Palmer, and Katharina von der Wense. 2026. A Pilot Study Investigating Stakeholder Subjectivity in Collaborative Dialog Analysis. In Proceedings of the the fifth edition of NLPerspectives, pages 136–144, Palma, Mallorca (Spain). ELRA Language Resources Association (ELRA).
Cite (Informal):
A Pilot Study Investigating Stakeholder Subjectivity in Collaborative Dialog Analysis (Ganesh et al., NLPerspectives 2026)
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