Contextualising (Im)plausible Events Triggers Figurative Language

Annerose Eichel; Tonmoy Rakshit; Sabine Schulte im Walde

doi:10.63317/2pkwrv8nzft9

Contextualising (Im)plausible Events Triggers Figurative Language

Annerose Eichel, Tonmoy Rakshit, Sabine Schulte im Walde

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Abstract

This work explores the connection between (non-)literalness and plausibility at the example of subject-verb-object events in English. We design a systematic setup of plausible and implausible event triples in combination with abstract and concrete constituent categories. Our analysis of human and LLM-generated judgments and example contexts reveals substantial differences between assessments of plausibility. While humans excel at nuanced detection and contextualization of (non-)literal vs. implausible events, LLM results reveal only shallow contextualization patterns with a bias to trade implausibility for non-literal, plausible interpretations.

Anthology ID:: 2026.nonliteral-1.9
Volume:: Proceedings of Learning Non-Literal Expressions with Small Data @ LREC 2026
Month:: May
Year:: 2026
Address:: Palma, Mallorca (Spain)
Editors:: Markus Egg, Valia Kordoni
Venues:: NonLiteral | WS
SIG:
Publisher:: ELRA Language Resources Association (ELRA)
Note:
Pages:: 93–105
Language:
External URL:: https://lrec.elra.info/lrec2026-ws-nonliteral-09
DOI:: 10.63317/2pkwrv8nzft9
Bibkey:
Cite (ACL):: Annerose Eichel, Tonmoy Rakshit, and Sabine Schulte im Walde. 2026. Contextualising (Im)plausible Events Triggers Figurative Language. In Proceedings of Learning Non-Literal Expressions with Small Data @ LREC 2026, pages 93–105, Palma, Mallorca (Spain). ELRA Language Resources Association (ELRA).
Cite (Informal):: Contextualising (Im)plausible Events Triggers Figurative Language (Eichel et al., NonLiteral 2026)
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Endnote
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@inproceedings{eichel-etal-2026-contextualising,
    title = "Contextualising (Im)plausible Events Triggers Figurative Language",
    author = "Eichel, Annerose  and
      Rakshit, Tonmoy  and
      Schulte im Walde, Sabine",
    editor = "Egg, Markus  and
      Kordoni, Valia",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of Learning Non-Literal Expressions with Small Data @ {LREC} 2026",
    month = may,
    year = "2026",
    address = "Palma, Mallorca (Spain)",
    publisher = "ELRA Language Resources Association (ELRA)",
    url = "https://aclanthology.org/2026.nonliteral-1.9/",
    doi = "10.63317/2pkwrv8nzft9",
    pages = "93--105",
    abstract = "This work explores the connection between (non-)literalness and plausibility at the example of subject-verb-object events in English. We design a systematic setup of plausible and implausible event triples in combination with abstract and concrete constituent categories. Our analysis of human and LLM-generated judgments and example contexts reveals substantial differences between assessments of plausibility. While humans excel at nuanced detection and contextualization of (non-)literal vs. implausible events, LLM results reveal only shallow contextualization patterns with a bias to trade implausibility for non-literal, plausible interpretations."
}

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%0 Conference Proceedings
%T Contextualising (Im)plausible Events Triggers Figurative Language
%A Eichel, Annerose
%A Rakshit, Tonmoy
%A Schulte im Walde, Sabine
%Y Egg, Markus
%Y Kordoni, Valia
%S Proceedings of Learning Non-Literal Expressions with Small Data @ LREC 2026
%D 2026
%8 May
%I ELRA Language Resources Association (ELRA)
%C Palma, Mallorca (Spain)
%F eichel-etal-2026-contextualising
%X This work explores the connection between (non-)literalness and plausibility at the example of subject-verb-object events in English. We design a systematic setup of plausible and implausible event triples in combination with abstract and concrete constituent categories. Our analysis of human and LLM-generated judgments and example contexts reveals substantial differences between assessments of plausibility. While humans excel at nuanced detection and contextualization of (non-)literal vs. implausible events, LLM results reveal only shallow contextualization patterns with a bias to trade implausibility for non-literal, plausible interpretations.
%R 10.63317/2pkwrv8nzft9
%U https://aclanthology.org/2026.nonliteral-1.9/
%U https://doi.org/10.63317/2pkwrv8nzft9
%P 93-105

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Markdown (Informal)

[Contextualising (Im)plausible Events Triggers Figurative Language](https://aclanthology.org/2026.nonliteral-1.9/) (Eichel et al., NonLiteral 2026)

Contextualising (Im)plausible Events Triggers Figurative Language (Eichel et al., NonLiteral 2026)

ACL

Annerose Eichel, Tonmoy Rakshit, and Sabine Schulte im Walde. 2026. Contextualising (Im)plausible Events Triggers Figurative Language. In Proceedings of Learning Non-Literal Expressions with Small Data @ LREC 2026, pages 93–105, Palma, Mallorca (Spain). ELRA Language Resources Association (ELRA).