Comparing LLM-Based Knowledge Graph Extraction Approaches on Literary Studies in Spanish: A Case Study on Orbis Tertius

Federico Cortes


Abstract
Knowledge graph construction from scholarly text increasingly relies on large language models, yet different extraction architectures produce different graphs. Literary studies poses particular challenges: meaning is interpretive rather than factual, and the boundaries of relevant knowledge are determined by hermeneutic frameworks rather than empirical verification. We compare two LLM-based extraction frameworks—entity-anchored extraction (KGGen) and open extraction with schema canonicalization (EDC)—on 472 Spanish-language literary studies articles from Orbis Tertius (1996–2024). Despite fundamental architectural differences, both methods converge on key findings: cultural framing dominates literary discourse by 2.2–2.5× over textual framing (p < .001), and core author networks remain consistent across approaches. The methods diverge in entity composition: KGGen captures more proper names (40.7% vs. 18.7%), while EDC captures more abstract concepts (42.8%) and preserves Spanish predicates with 21,025 semantic definitions. Convergent findings across architecturally different methods merit higher confidence, and we identify methodological considerations for knowledge graph construction from humanities scholarship.
Anthology ID:
2026.nslp-1.8
Volume:
Proceedings of Natural Scientific Language Processing (NSLP) @ LREC 2026
Month:
May
Year:
2026
Address:
Palma, Mallorca (Spain)
Editors:
Georg Rehm, Stefan Dietze, Danilo Dessi, Diana Maynard, Sonja Schimmler
Venues:
NSLP | WS
SIG:
Publisher:
ELRA Language Resources Association (ELRA)
Note:
Pages:
78–87
Language:
External URL:
https://lrec.elra.info/lrec2026-ws-nslp-08
DOI:
10.63317/5kjis3dy8i7k
Bibkey:
Cite (ACL):
Federico Cortes. 2026. Comparing LLM-Based Knowledge Graph Extraction Approaches on Literary Studies in Spanish: A Case Study on Orbis Tertius. In Proceedings of Natural Scientific Language Processing (NSLP) @ LREC 2026, pages 78–87, Palma, Mallorca (Spain). ELRA Language Resources Association (ELRA).
Cite (Informal):
Comparing LLM-Based Knowledge Graph Extraction Approaches on Literary Studies in Spanish: A Case Study on Orbis Tertius (Cortes, NSLP 2026)
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