Developing Annotation Guidelines for CSAM Prevention Interventions: Psychosocial Risk and Protective Factors Grounded in Research and Clinical Practice

Vera Czehmann, Christine Hovhannisyan, Lena Elisabeth Hoffmann, Paula Busch, Ibrahim Baroud, Sebastian Möller, Roland Roller, Hannes Gieseler, Lisa Raithel


Abstract
This work discusses sexual offending, specifically child sexual abuse material (CSAM), in the context of prevention. We introduce a domain-specific, span-level annotation scheme and guidelines to identify psychosocial risk and protective factors in therapist-led, anonymous chat interventions with voluntarily help-seeking individuals concerned about their pedophilic interests and the risk of CSAM use. The scheme is grounded in previous research and clinical experience, and intended for within-intervention guidance and longitudinal tracking, rather than actuarial risk scoring. Annotating a pilot subset (8 clients, 31 sessions), inter-annotator agreement was moderate but improved after calibration, which is consistent with the linguistic and clinical ambivalence present in the data. We track a session-wise Protective Ratio, i.e., the share of protective factors among all coded factors, and examine its behaviour over time during the intervention and around self-reported relapse within clients. In exploratory automation, LLM-based span extraction outperforms BERT baselines but overall performance remains limited by small data and mixed-evidence spans. While complete anonymisation of the corpus is in progress, we release the label scheme, guidelines, and non-sensitive artefacts of our analyses.
Anthology ID:
2026.rapid-1.11
Volume:
Proceedings of the Sixth Resources and ProcessIng of linguistic, para-linguistic and extra-linguistic Data from people with various forms of cognitive/psychiatric/developmental impairments in cooperation with the MENTAL.ai consortium
Month:
May
Year:
2026
Address:
Palma, Mallorca, Spain
Editors:
Dimitrios Kokkinakis, Charalambos Themistocleous, Gaël Dias, Kathleen C. Fraser, Fredrik Öhman, Sebastião Pais
Venues:
RaPID | WS
SIG:
Publisher:
European Language Resources Association (ELRA)
Note:
Pages:
126–145
Language:
External URL:
https://lrec.elra.info/lrec2026-ws-rapid6mentalai-11
DOI:
10.63317/52boccy6ck27
Bibkey:
Cite (ACL):
Vera Czehmann, Christine Hovhannisyan, Lena Elisabeth Hoffmann, Paula Busch, Ibrahim Baroud, Sebastian Möller, Roland Roller, Hannes Gieseler, and Lisa Raithel. 2026. Developing Annotation Guidelines for CSAM Prevention Interventions: Psychosocial Risk and Protective Factors Grounded in Research and Clinical Practice. In Proceedings of the Sixth Resources and ProcessIng of linguistic, para-linguistic and extra-linguistic Data from people with various forms of cognitive/psychiatric/developmental impairments in cooperation with the MENTAL.ai consortium, pages 126–145, Palma, Mallorca, Spain. European Language Resources Association (ELRA).
Cite (Informal):
Developing Annotation Guidelines for CSAM Prevention Interventions: Psychosocial Risk and Protective Factors Grounded in Research and Clinical Practice (Czehmann et al., RaPID 2026)
Copy Citation: