Automatic Text Simplification for French Medical Documents with LLMs: The Role of Target Audience and Genre

Rémi Cardon, A. Seza Doğruöz


Abstract
Medical information is hard for non-specialists to understand, despite its importance for treatment success. Automatic text simplification (ATS) rewrites complex documents into simpler versions, with effectiveness measured through ATS evaluation metrics and readability metrics. A key challenge in ATS is calibrating simplification to match the reading abilities of specific target audiences, as different populations have different comprehension needs. Since socio-demographic factors such as education level and health literacy are known to correlate with reading abilities, we hypothesize that large language models (LLMs) may be able to adjust their simplification strategies when provided with descriptions of target audiences. In this study, we investigate how LLMs simplify French medical documents when prompted with socio-demographic characteristics of target patients. We compare this approach with prompts based on language proficiency levels (CEFR) to determine whether LLMs respond differently to explicit proficiency levels versus implicit audience descriptions. Our experiments with five LLMs on three types of French medical documents show that CEFR prompts produce greater readability variation (particularly for Llama-3.1-8B), while socio-demographic factors yield more homogeneous outputs. Text genre also considerably impacts LLM outputs for ATS.
Anthology ID:
2026.readi-1.13
Volume:
Proceedings of the Joint Workshop on Readability and Text Simplification (READIxTSAR) @ LREC 2026
Month:
May
Year:
2026
Address:
Palma, Mallorca (Spain)
Editors:
Matthew Shardlow, Thomas François, Raquel Amaro, Jorge Baptista, Rémi Cardon, Eugénio Ribeiro, Horacio Saggion, Regina Stodden, Amalia Todirascu, Rodrigo Wilkens
Venues:
READI | TSAR | WS
SIG:
Publisher:
ELRA Language Resources Association (ELRA)
Note:
Pages:
164–180
Language:
External URL:
https://lrec.elra.info/lrec2026-ws-readixtsar-13
DOI:
10.63317/32b2v7b42kyb
Bibkey:
Cite (ACL):
Rémi Cardon and A. Seza Doğruöz. 2026. Automatic Text Simplification for French Medical Documents with LLMs: The Role of Target Audience and Genre. In Proceedings of the Joint Workshop on Readability and Text Simplification (READIxTSAR) @ LREC 2026, pages 164–180, Palma, Mallorca (Spain). ELRA Language Resources Association (ELRA).
Cite (Informal):
Automatic Text Simplification for French Medical Documents with LLMs: The Role of Target Audience and Genre (Cardon & Doğruöz, READI-TSAR 2026)
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