Evaluation of Paralinguistic-Aware Spoken Dialogue Systems using Next-Utterance Classification

Kouki Miyazawa, Yoshinao Sato


Abstract
In spoken dialogues, paralinguistic cues frequently convey crucial information not captured by linguistic content alone. However, conventional spoken dialogue systems (SDSs), which typically comprise a cascade of an automatic speech recognition model and a large language model (LLM), lack the ability to recognize paralinguistic cues. Relying solely on transcribed text, paralinguistic-agnostic SDSs often cause dialogue breakdowns. To address this difficulty, integrating a paralinguistic recognition model into SDSs is essential. Therefore, this study focuses on evaluating such paralinguistic-aware SDSs. To this end, we propose a corpus-based evaluation method utilizing next-utterance classification as an automated alternative to human evaluation. Specifically, an LLM is tasked with predicting the dialogue act of the subsequent utterance given a transcribed dialogue history, comparing scenarios with and without paralinguistic attitude classes. Our experiments demonstrate that incorporating a paralinguistic attitude recognition model improves prediction performance, as measured by the mean reciprocal rank. Furthermore, we assessed the alignment of our proposed corpus-based evaluation method with subjective human evaluations. The results confirmed the validity of the proposed method as a reliable proxy for human evaluation, demonstrating its correlation with human rankings and agreement with human preferences in pairwise comparisons. Taken together, this work highlights that integrating paralinguistic recognition is a crucial step toward realizing more robust and natural spoken dialogue systems.
Anthology ID:
2026.sigdial-1.50
Volume:
Proceedings of the 27th Annual Meeting of the Special Interest Group on Discourse and Dialogue
Month:
August
Year:
2026
Address:
Atlanta, Georgia, USA
Editors:
Jinho D. Choi, Yun-Nung Chen, Kotaro Funakoshi, Ali Emami
Venue:
SIGDIAL
SIG:
SIGDIAL
Publisher:
Association for Computational Linguistics
Note:
Pages:
711–719
Language:
URL:
https://aclanthology.org/2026.sigdial-1.50/
DOI:
Bibkey:
Cite (ACL):
Kouki Miyazawa and Yoshinao Sato. 2026. Evaluation of Paralinguistic-Aware Spoken Dialogue Systems using Next-Utterance Classification. In Proceedings of the 27th Annual Meeting of the Special Interest Group on Discourse and Dialogue, pages 711–719, Atlanta, Georgia, USA. Association for Computational Linguistics.
Cite (Informal):
Evaluation of Paralinguistic-Aware Spoken Dialogue Systems using Next-Utterance Classification (Miyazawa & Sato, SIGDIAL 2026)
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PDF:
https://aclanthology.org/2026.sigdial-1.50.pdf