Register Sensitivity in Scalar MT Evaluation: Evidence from Spanish–Basque Informal Discourse

Nora Aranberri


Abstract
Automatic scalar metrics are widely used for machine translation (MT) evaluation, yet their behavior under sociolinguistic variation remains underexplored, particularly in under-resourced and minority-language contexts. We present a small, controlled empirical analysis of reference-based evaluation in Spanish–Basque informal discourse. Register is operationalized as indexical density, capturing dialectal forms, informal lexicon, code-switching and orthographic stylization. Across two MT systems and prompting conditions, sentence-level scores from chrF++, COMET-DA, and XCOMET-XL show a consistent negative association with indexical density under the original informal reference. In a reference-perturbation design that holds MT outputs constant while replacing the informal reference with a standardized Batua version, scores increase systematically, particularly for high-density items, and the density–score association weakens. These results provide controlled evidence that evaluation outcomes in this setting depend in part on reference register configuration. In minority-language and informal domains, reference design choices may influence how translation quality is measured and interpreted.
Anthology ID:
2026.sigul-1.2
Volume:
Proceedings of the SIGUL 2026 Joint Workshop with ELE, EURALI, and DCLRL: Towards Inclusivity and Equality: Language Resources and Technologies for Under-Resourced and Endangered Languages
Month:
May
Year:
2026
Address:
Palma, Mallorca, Spain
Editors:
Atul Kr. Ojha, Sakriani Sakti, Claudia Soria, Maite Melero, John P. McCrae, Constantine Lignos, Chao-Hong Liu, German Rigau Claramunt, Georg Rehm
Venues:
SIGUL | EURALI | DCLRL | WS
SIG:
Publisher:
ELRA Language Resources Association (ELRA)
Note:
Pages:
19–32
Language:
External URL:
https://lrec.elra.info/lrec2026-ws-sigul-02
DOI:
10.63317/4ig5743iz2r3
Bibkey:
Cite (ACL):
Nora Aranberri. 2026. Register Sensitivity in Scalar MT Evaluation: Evidence from Spanish–Basque Informal Discourse. In Proceedings of the SIGUL 2026 Joint Workshop with ELE, EURALI, and DCLRL: Towards Inclusivity and Equality: Language Resources and Technologies for Under-Resourced and Endangered Languages, pages 19–32, Palma, Mallorca, Spain. ELRA Language Resources Association (ELRA).
Cite (Informal):
Register Sensitivity in Scalar MT Evaluation: Evidence from Spanish–Basque Informal Discourse (Aranberri, SIGUL-EURALI-DCLRL 2026)
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