Introducing corpora Hlava Cor and Hlava AD: Human Label Variation in Coreference and Discourse Relations

Anna Nedoluzhko, Sarka Zikanova, Jiri Mirovsky, Milan Straka, Eva Hajicova


Abstract
As previous research on annotator disagreement in discourse phenomena has shown, understanding text coherence varies considerably from one individual to another. To explore this phenomenon, we created two corpora with multiple annotations of Czech texts, accompanied by annotators’ explanations of their choices. The first corpus consists of 1,024 contexts annotated in parallel by three annotators. It captures differences in the identification of coreference across various text types and grammatical-semantic categories, including pronouns, full noun phrases, and anaphoric adverbials. The second corpus comprises 512 contexts, annotated in parallel by five annotators, and focuses on identifying discourse relations in attributive and non-attributive constructions. Both corpora achieve a comparable inter-annotator agreement of approximately 60–65%. For coreference annotation, agreement tends to be lower in cases where automatic coreference resolution models disagree, suggesting that when the models disagree, the examples tend to be more difficult or ambiguous for human annotators to interpret. The annotators’ comments, both for coreference and discourse relations, further reveal differences in interpretation, varying levels of confidence in text understanding, and individual reading strategies.
Anthology ID:
2026.slide-1.21
Volume:
Proceedings of the Workshop on Structured Linguistic Data and Evaluation (SLiDE)
Month:
May
Year:
2026
Address:
Palma de Mallorca, Spain
Editors:
Erhard Hinrichs, Joakim Nivre, Petya Osenova, James Pustejovsky, Claus Zinn
Venues:
SLiDE | WS
SIG:
Publisher:
ELRA Language Resources Association (ELRA)
Note:
Pages:
237–247
Language:
External URL:
https://lrec.elra.info/lrec2026-ws-slide-21
DOI:
10.63317/4qfnczvpcaxp
Bibkey:
Cite (ACL):
Anna Nedoluzhko, Sarka Zikanova, Jiri Mirovsky, Milan Straka, and Eva Hajicova. 2026. Introducing corpora Hlava Cor and Hlava AD: Human Label Variation in Coreference and Discourse Relations. In Proceedings of the Workshop on Structured Linguistic Data and Evaluation (SLiDE), pages 237–247, Palma de Mallorca, Spain. ELRA Language Resources Association (ELRA).
Cite (Informal):
Introducing corpora Hlava Cor and Hlava AD: Human Label Variation in Coreference and Discourse Relations (Nedoluzhko et al., SLiDE 2026)
Copy Citation: