Retain or Reframe? A Computational Framework for the Analysis of Framing in News Articles and Reader Comments

Matteo Guida, Yulia Otmakhova, Eduard Hovy, Lea Frermann


Abstract
When a news article describes immigration as an “economic burden” or a “humanitarian crisis,” it selectively emphasizes certain aspects of the issue. Although this framing shapes how the public interprets such issues, audiences do not absorb frames passively but actively reorganize the presented information. While this relationship between source content and audience response is well-documented in the social sciences, NLP approaches often ignore it, analyzing frames in articles and responses in isolation. We present the first computational framework for large-scale analysis of framing across source content (news articles) and audience responses (reader comments). Methodologically, we refine frame labels and develop a framework that reconstructs primary frames in articles and comments from sentence-level predictions, and aligns articles with topically relevant comments. Applying our framework across eleven topics and two news outlets, we find that frame reuse in comments correlates highly across outlets, and that readers often selectively engage with frames of the articles. We release a frame classifier that performs well on both articles and comments, a dataset of article and comment sentences manually labeled for frames, and a large-scale dataset of articles and comments with predicted frame labels.1
Anthology ID:
2026.tacl-1.49
Volume:
Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics, Volume 14
Month:
Year:
2026
Address:
Cambridge, MA
Venue:
TACL
SIG:
Publisher:
MIT Press
Note:
Pages:
1096–1118
Language:
URL:
https://aclanthology.org/2026.tacl-1.49/
DOI:
10.1162/tacl.a.698
Bibkey:
Cite (ACL):
Matteo Guida, Yulia Otmakhova, Eduard Hovy, and Lea Frermann. 2026. Retain or Reframe? A Computational Framework for the Analysis of Framing in News Articles and Reader Comments. Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics, 14:1096–1118.
Cite (Informal):
Retain or Reframe? A Computational Framework for the Analysis of Framing in News Articles and Reader Comments (Guida et al., TACL 2026)
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PDF:
https://aclanthology.org/2026.tacl-1.49.pdf