@inproceedings{henriksson-etal-2026-segment,
title = "Segment-Level Register Analysis of the Multilingual Web",
author = "Henriksson, Erik and
Razzaghi, Alireza and
Galica, Tomasz and
Guo, Jiaqi Feng and
Dong, Anastasia Zhi-Ling and
Kunnas, Urho and
Psaltaki, Erofili and
Lundberg, Tuomas and
Kanner, Antti and
Laippala, Veronika",
editor = "Ortiz Suarez, Pedro and
Burchell, Laurie and
Ljube{\v{s}}i{\'c}, Nikola and
Scherrer, Yves and
Laippala, Veronika and
Dini{\'c}, Vuk and
Vaughan, Thom",
booktitle = "Proceedings of the 13th Web-as-Corpus Workshop",
month = oct,
year = "2026",
address = "Budapest, Hungary",
publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
url = "https://aclanthology.org/2026.wac-1.19/",
pages = "200--213",
ISBN = "979-8-89176-481-1",
abstract = "Web registers, the situationally defined varieties of online text, are almost always annotated at document level. A document, however, may contain multiple such varieties. We label 80,000 documents from the HPLT web corpus at segment level in seven languages using the open-weight Gemma 4, reaching Cohen{'}s {\ensuremath{\kappa}}=0.73 against 1,878 human-annotated segments, comparable to previously reported document-level agreement. We find that most documents have two or more registers, and that they recur in similar positions and combinations across the studied languages. Yet on average, a single register accounts for 73{\%} of the labeled text, and a quarter to a third of segments receive no label. Document-level labels are therefore mostly correct but incomplete. Multi-dimensional analysis shows that the segment-level labels correspond to linguistic differences. In all seven languages, registers are ordered the same way, from informational to involved text."
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%0 Conference Proceedings
%T Segment-Level Register Analysis of the Multilingual Web
%A Henriksson, Erik
%A Razzaghi, Alireza
%A Galica, Tomasz
%A Guo, Jiaqi Feng
%A Dong, Anastasia Zhi-Ling
%A Kunnas, Urho
%A Psaltaki, Erofili
%A Lundberg, Tuomas
%A Kanner, Antti
%A Laippala, Veronika
%Y Ortiz Suarez, Pedro
%Y Burchell, Laurie
%Y Ljubešić, Nikola
%Y Scherrer, Yves
%Y Laippala, Veronika
%Y Dinić, Vuk
%Y Vaughan, Thom
%S Proceedings of the 13th Web-as-Corpus Workshop
%D 2026
%8 October
%I Association for Computational Linguistics
%C Budapest, Hungary
%@ 979-8-89176-481-1
%F henriksson-etal-2026-segment
%X Web registers, the situationally defined varieties of online text, are almost always annotated at document level. A document, however, may contain multiple such varieties. We label 80,000 documents from the HPLT web corpus at segment level in seven languages using the open-weight Gemma 4, reaching Cohen’s \ensuremathąppa=0.73 against 1,878 human-annotated segments, comparable to previously reported document-level agreement. We find that most documents have two or more registers, and that they recur in similar positions and combinations across the studied languages. Yet on average, a single register accounts for 73% of the labeled text, and a quarter to a third of segments receive no label. Document-level labels are therefore mostly correct but incomplete. Multi-dimensional analysis shows that the segment-level labels correspond to linguistic differences. In all seven languages, registers are ordered the same way, from informational to involved text.
%U https://aclanthology.org/2026.wac-1.19/
%P 200-213
Markdown (Informal)
[Segment-Level Register Analysis of the Multilingual Web](https://aclanthology.org/2026.wac-1.19/) (Henriksson et al., WAC 2026)
ACL
- Erik Henriksson, Alireza Razzaghi, Tomasz Galica, Jiaqi Feng Guo, Anastasia Zhi-Ling Dong, Urho Kunnas, Erofili Psaltaki, Tuomas Lundberg, Antti Kanner, and Veronika Laippala. 2026. Segment-Level Register Analysis of the Multilingual Web. In Proceedings of the 13th Web-as-Corpus Workshop, pages 200–213, Budapest, Hungary. Association for Computational Linguistics.