RSD framework for the detection of covert online harms

Henna Paakki

RSD framework for the detection of covert online harms

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Abstract

In this paper, I propose the RSD framework for computational detection of covert harmful online behaviors. The framework’s three dimensions of Repetition, Severity and Disregard are used together to assess the harmfulness of norm-violating behaviors. These are observable and operationalizable dimensions that aim to support computational detection, enabling evidence-based identification of harmful behavior in conjunction with community norms. While the computational detection of overt harmful behaviors like aggression and hate speech has received a lot of attention, covert harmful behaviors like trolling have been much more challenging to identify. I argue that covert behaviors can be traced by models that examine norm violations crossing the thresholds of the dimensions of RSD.

Anthology ID:: 2026.woah-1.7
Volume:: Proceedings of the 10th Workshop on Online Abuse and Harms (WOAH)
Month:: October
Year:: 2026
Address:: Budapest, Hungary
Editors:: Agostina Calabrese, Thomas Davidson, Christine de Kock, Urja Khurana, Marta Marchiori Manerba, Paloma Piot, Zeerak Talat
Venues:: WOAH | WS
SIG:
Publisher:: Association for Computational Linguistics
Note:
Pages:: 63–74
Language:
URL:: https://aclanthology.org/2026.woah-1.7/
DOI:
Bibkey:
Cite (ACL):: Henna Paakki. 2026. RSD framework for the detection of covert online harms. In Proceedings of the 10th Workshop on Online Abuse and Harms (WOAH), pages 63–74, Budapest, Hungary. Association for Computational Linguistics.
Cite (Informal):: RSD framework for the detection of covert online harms (Paakki, WOAH 2026)
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PDF:: https://aclanthology.org/2026.woah-1.7.pdf
Supplementarymaterial:: 2026.woah-1.7.SupplementaryMaterial.zip

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@inproceedings{paakki-2026-rsd,
    title = "{RSD} framework for the detection of covert online harms",
    author = "Paakki, Henna",
    editor = "Calabrese, Agostina  and
      Davidson, Thomas  and
      de Kock, Christine  and
      Khurana, Urja  and
      Marchiori Manerba, Marta  and
      Piot, Paloma  and
      Talat, Zeerak",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 10th Workshop on Online Abuse and Harms ({WOAH})",
    month = oct,
    year = "2026",
    address = "Budapest, Hungary",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://aclanthology.org/2026.woah-1.7/",
    pages = "63--74",
    ISBN = "979-8-89176-487-3",
    abstract = "In this paper, I propose the RSD framework for computational detection of covert harmful online behaviors. The framework{'}s three dimensions of Repetition, Severity and Disregard are used together to assess the harmfulness of norm-violating behaviors. These are observable and operationalizable dimensions that aim to support computational detection, enabling evidence-based identification of harmful behavior in conjunction with community norms. While the computational detection of overt harmful behaviors like aggression and hate speech has received a lot of attention, covert harmful behaviors like trolling have been much more challenging to identify. I argue that covert behaviors can be traced by models that examine norm violations crossing the thresholds of the dimensions of RSD."
}

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    <abstract>In this paper, I propose the RSD framework for computational detection of covert harmful online behaviors. The framework’s three dimensions of Repetition, Severity and Disregard are used together to assess the harmfulness of norm-violating behaviors. These are observable and operationalizable dimensions that aim to support computational detection, enabling evidence-based identification of harmful behavior in conjunction with community norms. While the computational detection of overt harmful behaviors like aggression and hate speech has received a lot of attention, covert harmful behaviors like trolling have been much more challenging to identify. I argue that covert behaviors can be traced by models that examine norm violations crossing the thresholds of the dimensions of RSD.</abstract>
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%0 Conference Proceedings
%T RSD framework for the detection of covert online harms
%A Paakki, Henna
%Y Calabrese, Agostina
%Y Davidson, Thomas
%Y de Kock, Christine
%Y Khurana, Urja
%Y Marchiori Manerba, Marta
%Y Piot, Paloma
%Y Talat, Zeerak
%S Proceedings of the 10th Workshop on Online Abuse and Harms (WOAH)
%D 2026
%8 October
%I Association for Computational Linguistics
%C Budapest, Hungary
%@ 979-8-89176-487-3
%F paakki-2026-rsd
%X In this paper, I propose the RSD framework for computational detection of covert harmful online behaviors. The framework’s three dimensions of Repetition, Severity and Disregard are used together to assess the harmfulness of norm-violating behaviors. These are observable and operationalizable dimensions that aim to support computational detection, enabling evidence-based identification of harmful behavior in conjunction with community norms. While the computational detection of overt harmful behaviors like aggression and hate speech has received a lot of attention, covert harmful behaviors like trolling have been much more challenging to identify. I argue that covert behaviors can be traced by models that examine norm violations crossing the thresholds of the dimensions of RSD.
%U https://aclanthology.org/2026.woah-1.7/
%P 63-74

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Markdown (Informal)

[RSD framework for the detection of covert online harms](https://aclanthology.org/2026.woah-1.7/) (Paakki, WOAH 2026)

RSD framework for the detection of covert online harms (Paakki, WOAH 2026)

ACL

Henna Paakki. 2026. RSD framework for the detection of covert online harms. In Proceedings of the 10th Workshop on Online Abuse and Harms (WOAH), pages 63–74, Budapest, Hungary. Association for Computational Linguistics.