From Strings to Other Things: Linking the Neighborhood and Transposition Effects in Word Reading

Stéphan Tulkens, Dominiek Sandra, Walter Daelemans


Abstract
We investigate the relation between the transposition and deletion effects in word reading, i.e., the finding that readers can successfully read “SLAT” as “SALT”, or “WRK” as “WORK”, and the neighborhood effect. In particular, we investigate whether lexical orthographic neighborhoods take into account transposition and deletion in determining neighbors. If this is the case, it is more likely that the neighborhood effect takes place early during processing, and does not solely rely on similarity of internal representations. We introduce a new neighborhood measure, rd20, which can be used to quantify neighborhood effects over arbitrary feature spaces. We calculate the rd20 over large sets of words in three languages using various feature sets and show that feature sets that do not allow for transposition or deletion explain more variance in Reaction Time (RT) measurements. We also show that the rd20 can be calculated using the hidden state representations of an Multi-Layer Perceptron, and show that these explain less variance than the raw features. We conclude that the neighborhood effect is unlikely to have a perceptual basis, but is more likely to be the result of items co-activating after recognition. All code is available at: www.github.com/clips/conll2018
Anthology ID:
K18-1008
Volume:
Proceedings of the 22nd Conference on Computational Natural Language Learning
Month:
October
Year:
2018
Address:
Brussels, Belgium
Editors:
Anna Korhonen, Ivan Titov
Venue:
CoNLL
SIG:
SIGNLL
Publisher:
Association for Computational Linguistics
Note:
Pages:
75–85
Language:
URL:
https://aclanthology.org/K18-1008
DOI:
10.18653/v1/K18-1008
Bibkey:
Cite (ACL):
Stéphan Tulkens, Dominiek Sandra, and Walter Daelemans. 2018. From Strings to Other Things: Linking the Neighborhood and Transposition Effects in Word Reading. In Proceedings of the 22nd Conference on Computational Natural Language Learning, pages 75–85, Brussels, Belgium. Association for Computational Linguistics.
Cite (Informal):
From Strings to Other Things: Linking the Neighborhood and Transposition Effects in Word Reading (Tulkens et al., CoNLL 2018)
Copy Citation:
PDF:
https://aclanthology.org/K18-1008.pdf
Code
 clips/conll2018