Crowdsourcing Question-Answer Meaning Representations

Julian Michael, Gabriel Stanovsky, Luheng He, Ido Dagan, Luke Zettlemoyer


Abstract
We introduce Question-Answer Meaning Representations (QAMRs), which represent the predicate-argument structure of a sentence as a set of question-answer pairs. We develop a crowdsourcing scheme to show that QAMRs can be labeled with very little training, and gather a dataset with over 5,000 sentences and 100,000 questions. A qualitative analysis demonstrates that the crowd-generated question-answer pairs cover the vast majority of predicate-argument relationships in existing datasets (including PropBank, NomBank, and QA-SRL) along with many previously under-resourced ones, including implicit arguments and relations. We also report baseline models for question generation and answering, and summarize a recent approach for using QAMR labels to improve an Open IE system. These results suggest the freely available QAMR data and annotation scheme should support significant future work.
Anthology ID:
N18-2089
Volume:
Proceedings of the 2018 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies, Volume 2 (Short Papers)
Month:
June
Year:
2018
Address:
New Orleans, Louisiana
Editors:
Marilyn Walker, Heng Ji, Amanda Stent
Venue:
NAACL
SIG:
Publisher:
Association for Computational Linguistics
Note:
Pages:
560–568
Language:
URL:
https://aclanthology.org/N18-2089
DOI:
10.18653/v1/N18-2089
Bibkey:
Cite (ACL):
Julian Michael, Gabriel Stanovsky, Luheng He, Ido Dagan, and Luke Zettlemoyer. 2018. Crowdsourcing Question-Answer Meaning Representations. In Proceedings of the 2018 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies, Volume 2 (Short Papers), pages 560–568, New Orleans, Louisiana. Association for Computational Linguistics.
Cite (Informal):
Crowdsourcing Question-Answer Meaning Representations (Michael et al., NAACL 2018)
Copy Citation:
PDF:
https://aclanthology.org/N18-2089.pdf
Code
 uwnlp/qamr
Data
QAMR