Off-topic Response Detection for Spontaneous Spoken English Assessment Andrey Malinin author Rogier Van Dalen author Kate Knill author Yu Wang author Mark Gales author 2016-08 text Proceedings of the 54th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers) Katrin Erk editor Noah A Smith editor Association for Computational Linguistics Berlin, Germany conference publication malinin-etal-2016-topic 10.18653/v1/P16-1102 https://aclanthology.org/P16-1102/ 2016-08 1075 1084