Multilingual Probing of Deep Pre-Trained Contextual Encoders

Vinit Ravishankar, Memduh Gökırmak, Lilja Øvrelid, Erik Velldal


Abstract
Encoders that generate representations based on context have, in recent years, benefited from adaptations that allow for pre-training on large text corpora. Earlier work on evaluating fixed-length sentence representations has included the use of ‘probing’ tasks, that use diagnostic classifiers to attempt to quantify the extent to which these encoders capture specific linguistic phenomena. The principle of probing has also resulted in extended evaluations that include relatively newer word-level pre-trained encoders. We build on probing tasks established in the literature and comprehensively evaluate and analyse – from a typological perspective amongst others – multilingual variants of existing encoders on probing datasets constructed for 6 non-English languages. Specifically, we probe each layer of a multiple monolingual RNN-based ELMo models, the transformer-based BERT’s cased and uncased multilingual variants, and a variant of BERT that uses a cross-lingual modelling scheme (XLM).
Anthology ID:
W19-6205
Volume:
Proceedings of the First NLPL Workshop on Deep Learning for Natural Language Processing
Month:
September
Year:
2019
Address:
Turku, Finland
Editors:
Joakim Nivre, Leon Derczynski, Filip Ginter, Bjørn Lindi, Stephan Oepen, Anders Søgaard, Jörg Tidemann
Venue:
NoDaLiDa
SIG:
Publisher:
Linköping University Electronic Press
Note:
Pages:
37–47
Language:
URL:
https://aclanthology.org/W19-6205
DOI:
Bibkey:
Cite (ACL):
Vinit Ravishankar, Memduh Gökırmak, Lilja Øvrelid, and Erik Velldal. 2019. Multilingual Probing of Deep Pre-Trained Contextual Encoders. In Proceedings of the First NLPL Workshop on Deep Learning for Natural Language Processing, pages 37–47, Turku, Finland. Linköping University Electronic Press.
Cite (Informal):
Multilingual Probing of Deep Pre-Trained Contextual Encoders (Ravishankar et al., NoDaLiDa 2019)
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PDF:
https://aclanthology.org/W19-6205.pdf