@InProceedings{shen-liu:2016:COLING,
  author    = {Shen, Jie  and  Liu, Cong},
  title     = {Improved Word Embeddings with Implicit Structure Information},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of COLING 2016, the 26th International Conference on Computational Linguistics: Technical Papers},
  month     = {December},
  year      = {2016},
  address   = {Osaka, Japan},
  publisher = {The COLING 2016 Organizing Committee},
  pages     = {2408--2417},
  abstract  = {Distributed word representation is an efficient method for capturing semantic
	and syntactic word relations. In this work, we introduce an extension to the
	continuous bag-of-words model for learning word representations efficiently by
	using implicit structure information. Instead of relying on a syntactic parser
	which might be noisy and slow to build, we compute weights representing
	probabilities of syntactic relations based on the Huffman softmax tree in an
	efficient heuristic. The constructed “implicit graphs” from these weights
	show that these weights contain useful implicit structure information.
	Extensive experiments performed on several word similarity and word analogy
	tasks show gains compared to the basic continuous bag-of-words model.},
  url       = {http://aclweb.org/anthology/C16-1227}
}