We present mobile and desktop keyboards for Idu Mishmi, an endangered Trans-Himalayan language spoken by approximately 11,000 people in Arunachal Pradesh, India. A Latin-based orthography, the Idu Azobra, was developed in 2018, but no digital input tools existed to use it. The orthography requires characters absent from standard keyboards, including schwa (ə), retracted vowels (ə̱, o̱, u̱), nasalized vowels, and accented forms, several of which involve multi-codepoint Unicode sequences that default keyboards do not support. Developed with the Idu Mishmi community, the keyboards comprise: (1) an Android mobile keyboard, published on the Google Play Store, and (2) a Windows desktop keyboard distributed as a single portable executable. Both tools support the complete character inventory, and operate fully offline with zero network permissions. The Android keyboard has been adopted by community leaders and teachers who currently know and actively use the Idu Azobra orthography. The Windows keyboard is currently undergoing testing with community leaders. We describe the design, implementation, and deployment as a replicable model for other endangered language communities.

Over the past decade, various studies have addressed how speakers solve the so-called ‘The Paradigm Cell Filling Problem’ (PCFP) (CITATION) across different languages. The PCFP addresses a fundamental question in morphological processing: how do speakers accurately generate inflected forms of words when presented with incomplete paradigms? This problem is particularly salient when modeling complex inflectional systems. We focus on Spanish verbal paradigms, where certain verbs follow an irregular L-shaped pattern, where the first-person singular present indicative stem matches the stem used throughout the present subjunctive mood. We formulate the problem as a morphological reinflection task. Specifically, we investigate the role of input frequency in the acquisition of regular versus irregular L-shaped patterns in transformer models. By systematically manipulating the input distributions and analyzing model behavior, we reveal four key findings: 1) Models perform better on L-shaped verbs compared to regular verbs, especially in uneven frequency conditions; 2) Robust primacy effects are observed, but no consistent recency effects; 3) Memorization becomes more prominent as the proportion of L-shaped verbs increases; 4) There is a tendency to regularize L-shaped verbs when their consonant alternation pairs are rare or absent in the training data.

This paper presents our submission to the SIGMORPHON 2023 task 2 of Cognitively Plausible Morphophonological Generalization in Korean. We implemented both Linear Discriminative Learning and Transformer models and found that the Linear Discriminative Learning model trained on a combination of corpus and experimental data showed the best performance with the overall accuracy of around 83%. We found that the best model must be trained on both corpus data and the experimental data of one particular participant. Our examination of speaker-variability and speaker-specific information did not explain why a particular participant combined well with the corpus data. We recommend Linear Discriminative Learning models as a future non-neural baseline system, owning to its training speed, accuracy, model interpretability and cognitive plausibility. In order to improve the model performance, we suggest using bigger data and/or performing data augmentation and incorporating speaker- and item-specifics considerably.

This paper presents the submission by the HeiMorph team to the SIGMORPHON 2022 task 2 of Morphological Acquisition Trajectories. Across all experimental conditions, we have found no evidence for the so-called Ushaped development trajectory. Our submitted systems achieve an average test accuracies of 55.5% on Arabic, 67% on German and 73.38% on English. We found that, bigram hallucination provides better inferences only for English and Arabic and only when the number of hallucinations remains low.