This paper describes the joint effort of Phrase a.s. and Charles University’sInstitute of Formal and Applied Linguistics (CUNI/UFAL) on the WMT25Automated Translation Quality Evaluation Systems Shared Task. Both teamsparticipated both in a collaborative and competitive manner, i.e. they eachsubmitted a system of their own as well as a contrastive joint system ensemble.In Task~1, we show that such an ensembling—if chosen in a clever way—canlead to a performance boost. We present the analysis of various kinds ofsystems comprising both “traditional” NN-based approach, as well as differentflavours of LLMs—off-the-shelf commercial models, their fine-tuned versions,but also in-house, custom-trained alternative models. In Tasks~2 and~3 we showPhrase’s approach to tackling the tasks via various GPT models: Error SpanAnnotation via the complete MQM solution using non-reasoning models (includingfine-tuned versions) in Task~2, and using reasoning models in Task~3.

Quality estimation (QE) is the task of predicting quality of outputs produced by machine translation (MT) systems. Currently, the highest-performing QE systems are supervised and require training on data with golden quality scores. In this paper, we investigate the impact of the quality of the underlying MT outputs on the performance of QE systems. We find that QE models trained on datasets with lower-quality translations often outperform those trained on higher-quality data. We also demonstrate that good performance can be achieved by using a mix of data from different MT systems.

We test the natural expectation that using MT in professional translation saves human processing time. The last such study was carried out by Sanchez-Torron and Koehn (2016) with phrase-based MT, artificially reducing the translation quality. In contrast, we focus on neural MT (NMT) of high quality, which has become the state-of-the-art approach since then and also got adopted by most translation companies. Through an experimental study involving over 30 professional translators for English -> Czech translation, we examine the relationship between NMT performance and post-editing time and quality. Across all models, we found that better MT systems indeed lead to fewer changes in the sentences in this industry setting. The relation between system quality and post-editing time is however not straightforward and, contrary to the results on phrase-based MT, BLEU is definitely not a stable predictor of the time or final output quality.

This talk will focus on Memsource’s experience implementing MT Quality Estimation on a large scale within a translation management system. We will cover the whole development journey: from our early experimentation and the challenges we faced adapting academic models for a real world setting, all the way through to the practical implementation. Since the launch of this feature, we’ve accumulated a significant amount of experience and feedback, which has informed our subsequent development. Lastly we will discuss several open questions regarding the future role of quality estimation in translation.

Translating into morphologically rich languages is difficult. Although the coverage of lemmas may be reasonable, many morphological variants cannot be learned from the training data. We present a statistical translation system that is able to produce these inflected word forms. Different from most previous work, we do not separate morphological prediction from lexical choice into two consecutive steps. Our approach is novel in that it is integrated in decoding and takes advantage of context information from both the source language and the target language sides.

Paraphrasing of reference translations has been shown to improve the correlation with human judgements in automatic evaluation of machine translation (MT) outputs. In this work, we present a new dataset for evaluating English-Czech translation based on automatic paraphrases. We compare this dataset with an existing set of manually created paraphrases and find that even automatic paraphrases can improve MT evaluation. We have also propose and evaluate several criteria for selecting suitable reference translations from a larger set.

We present HindEnCorp, a parallel corpus of Hindi and English, and HindMonoCorp, a monolingual corpus of Hindi in their release version 0.5. Both corpora were collected from web sources and preprocessed primarily for the training of statistical machine translation systems. HindEnCorp consists of 274k parallel sentences (3.9 million Hindi and 3.8 million English tokens). HindMonoCorp amounts to 787 million tokens in 44 million sentences. Both the corpora are freely available for non-commercial research and their preliminary release has been used by numerous participants of the WMT 2014 shared translation task.

In this paper, we present a method of improving the accuracy of machine translation evaluation of Czech sentences. Given a reference sentence, our algorithm transforms it by targeted paraphrasing into a new synthetic reference sentence that is closer in wording to the machine translation output, but at the same time preserves the meaning of the original reference sentence. Grammatical correctness of the new reference sentence is provided by applying Depfix on newly created paraphrases. Depfix is a system for post-editing English-to-Czech machine translation outputs. We adjusted it to fix the errors in paraphrased sentences. Due to a noisy source of our paraphrases, we experiment with adding word alignment. However, the alignment reduces the number of paraphrases found and the best results were achieved by a simple greedy method with only one-word paraphrases thanks to their intensive filtering. BLEU scores computed using these new reference sentences show significantly higher correlation with human judgment than scores computed on the original reference sentences.

CzEng 1.0 is an updated release of our Czech-English parallel corpus, freely available for non-commercial research or educational purposes. In this release, we approximately doubled the corpus size, reaching 15 million sentence pairs (about 200 million tokens per language). More importantly, we carefully filtered the data to reduce the amount of non-matching sentence pairs. CzEng 1.0 is automatically aligned at the level of sentences as well as words. We provide not only the plain text representation, but also automatic morphological tags, surface syntactic as well as deep syntactic dependency parse trees and automatic co-reference links in both English and Czech. This paper describes key properties of the released resource including the distribution of text domains, the corpus data formats, and a toolkit to handle the provided rich annotation. We also summarize the procedure of the rich annotation (incl. co-reference resolution) and of the automatic filtering. Finally, we provide some suggestions on exploiting such an automatically annotated sentence-parallel corpus.