Carmen Amo Alonso
Author directory2026
Target-Language Generation in Multilingual Models: Activation Steering and Optimal Control
James A. Michaelov | Carmen Amo Alonso | Tyler A. Chang | Roger P. Levy
Proceedings of the 2026 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing
James A. Michaelov | Carmen Amo Alonso | Tyler A. Chang | Roger P. Levy
Proceedings of the 2026 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing
Ensuring that multilingual language models generate coherent text in a specific target language is a major issue in multilingual language modeling. We develop an optimal control method for target-language text generation as well as a framework for evaluating the quality of generated text in terms of language adherence, linguistic coherence, and semantic coherence. We find that the proposed method performs at least as well as the prominent difference-in-means activation steering method for the majority of models tested, with substantially less hyperparameter tuning required.