Multimodal Emotion Recognition (MER) systems often suffer from missing modalities in real-world scenarios. Existing methods usually generate, align, or distill missing modalities as a whole, overlooking the heterogeneous nature of the information carried by each modality. Such holistic treatment mixes inferable shared semantics with uncertain modality-specific details, yielding unstable representations and degrading robustness. To address this issue, we propose the Primitive Memory Distillation (PriMD) framework. Unlike existing methods, PriMD takes an intra-modal perspective and focuses on how different types of information within a modality differ in recoverability within each modality. PriMD first disentangles cross-modal shared semantics from modality-specific representations, and then discretizes the latter into learnable semantic primitives to construct modality-specific memory banks. When modalities are missing, PriMD is a teacher–student framework that the student model uses the shared semantics of available modalities as queries to dynamically retrieve primitives. It compensates for missing modality-specific information within a constrained memory space and aligns with the teacher model. Extensive experiments on IEMOCAP, CMU-MOSI, and CMU-MOSEI demonstrate that PriMD achieves state-of-the-art performance and consistently stronger robustness across a wide range of missing-modality settings, while mitigating the instability caused by holistic feature inference. Our code and project website are available at https://github.com/JiaqiZhang-Sengoku/PriMD and https://jiaqizhang-sengoku.github.io/PriMD/, respectively.

Scope 3 greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions account for the majority of corporate carbon footprints, yet remain difficult to analyze at scale due to sparse disclosures, heterogeneous report document formats, and limited evidence traceability. Existing approaches typically rely on large language models to extract emissions information from ESG reports, but often lack explicit evidence grounding or depend on costly manual annotation and verification to ensure extraction reliability. To address these challenges, we propose **Scope3Trace**, an evidence-grounded information extraction framework designed to extract interpretable and traceable Scope 3 emissions information from real-world ESG and sustainability reports. The framework integrates a document information extraction pipeline that performs PDF collection and OCR parsing, LLM-assisted page localization and table reconstruction, and hybrid rule–LLM extraction of organization- and building-level emissions disclosures with evidence-grounded verification. Building upon this framework, we further contribute a dual-level, evidence-grounded, multimodal dataset comprising organization-level Scope 3 disclosures extracted from heterogeneous sustainability reports. **Scope3Trace** enables reliable extraction and transparent integration of heterogeneous sustainability disclosures, achieving high accuracy in extracting Scope 1–3 totals and category-level disclosures from sustainability reports. The code is available at https://github.com/cruiseresearchgroup/Scope3Trace.

LLM agents are moving from single-prompt use to long task streams in which reusable memory becomes a core capability for terminal, software-engineering, and web tasks. Such memory is useful only when stored experience remains reliable across hundreds of interactions, but two failure modes break that assumption in practice. The first is unreliable admission: failed trajectories, accidental successes, and misleading observations enter memory because they appear relevant, then mislead later decisions. The second is memory drift: long-running banks accumulate duplicate, stale, and conflicting records that retrieval alone cannot repair. MemGuard’s key distinction is to treat verifier output not as a one-shot filter, but as persistent lifecycle metadata. It converts multi-criteria score-token verification into reward, confidence, label, and uncertainty descriptors that are attached to every candidate before activation and reused during retrieval, conflict resolution, summarization, and archival. We evaluate MemGuard on Terminal-Bench 2.0, SWE-Bench Verified, WebArena, and Mind2Web across four backbones, comparing against four memory baselines plus a verifier-only control under matched runtime budgets. Averaged over five seeds, MemGuard achieves the best success metric and lowest average steps in all 16 backbone–benchmark settings, improving over ReasoningBank, the strongest prior baseline among the memory methods we evaluate, with a largest gain of 7.9 success-rate points on WebArena, 5.6 step-success-rate points on Mind2Web, and 2.4–3.5 points on terminal and software-engineering benchmarks. Code is available at https://github.com/whyyyyy123/MemGuard.

Document-level multi-event extraction aims to identify a list of event types and corresponding arguments from the document. However, most of the current methods neglect the fine-grained difference among events in multi-event documents, which leads to event confusion and missing. This is also one of the reasons why the recall and F1-score of multi-event recognition are lower compared to single-event recognition. In this paper, we propose an event-specific probe-based method to sniff multiple events by querying each corresponding argument library, which uses a novel probe-label alignment method for differential optimization. In addition, the role contrastive loss and probe consistent loss are designed to fine-tune the fine-grained role differences and probe differences in each event. The experimental results on two general datasets show that our method outperforms the state-of-the-art method in the F1-score, especially in the recall of multi-events.