In the era of digital communication, the rapid spread of information presents significant challenges to society. This paper provides an in-depth examination of the existing frameworks developed to understand and address these phenomena. More precisely, this paper categorizes and compares various frameworks, including typology-based, process-oriented, impact-oriented, and actor-centric approaches. It highlights the strengths and limitations of each framework type, with a particular focus on their applicability to combat false information in diverse contexts. The paper underscores the importance of adopting a holistic and flexible approach that integrates multiple frameworks and adapts to the evolving nature of technology, particularly AI-driven false and misleading content.