Guanqun Cao
Author directory2026
Localize-Then-Decide Guarantees for LLM Judgments
Xinyu Li | Yi Zhou | Guanqun Cao | Zeyu FU | Tianjin Huang | Gaojie Jin
Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: EMNLP 2026
Xinyu Li | Yi Zhou | Guanqun Cao | Zeyu FU | Tianjin Huang | Gaojie Jin
Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: EMNLP 2026
Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used as evaluators to assess output quality and preference alignment, yet providing reliable guarantees of agreement with human judgments remains challenging. Recent work introduces confidence-thresholding methods that provide such guarantees for pairwise comparisons, relying on the assumption that higher estimated confidence implies lower disagreement risk with humans. However, this assumption can break down when the number of candidate responses increases, since distributing probability mass across many alternatives can distort confidence estimates. To address this issue, we propose a Localize-Then-Decide framework. First, conformal prediction localizes a small shortlist that contains the human-preferred response with high probability. Then, a calibrated confidence-based rule selectively chooses a single response from this shortlist or abstains. This design restores the monotonic relationship between confidence and disagreement risk and enables high-probability agreement guarantees. Experiments with multiple candidate sizes across several datasets and judge LLMs demonstrate that our framework consistently achieves higher guarantee success rates and substantially higher coverage than single-stage baselines.
2025
BRIGHTER: BRIdging the Gap in Human-Annotated Textual Emotion Recognition Datasets for 28 Languages
Shamsuddeen Hassan Muhammad | Nedjma Ousidhoum | Idris Abdulmumin | Jan Philip Wahle | Terry Ruas | Meriem Beloucif | Christine de Kock | Nirmal Surange | Daniela Teodorescu | Ibrahim Said Ahmad | David Ifeoluwa Adelani | Alham Fikri Aji | Felermino D. M. A. Ali | Ilseyar Alimova | Vladimir Araujo | Nikolay Babakov | Naomi Baes | Ana-Maria Bucur | Andiswa Bukula | Guanqun Cao | Rodrigo Tufiño | Rendi Chevi | Chiamaka Ijeoma Chukwuneke | Alexandra Ciobotaru | Daryna Dementieva | Murja Sani Gadanya | Robert Geislinger | Bela Gipp | Oumaima Hourrane | Oana Ignat | Falalu Ibrahim Lawan | Rooweither Mabuya | Rahmad Mahendra | Vukosi Marivate | Alexander Panchenko | Andrew Piper | Charles Henrique Porto Ferreira | Vitaly Protasov | Samuel Rutunda | Manish Shrivastava | Aura Cristina Udrea | Lilian Diana Awuor Wanzare | Sophie Wu | Florian Valentin Wunderlich | Hanif Muhammad Zhafran | Tianhui Zhang | Yi Zhou | Saif M. Mohammad
Proceedings of the 63rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)
Shamsuddeen Hassan Muhammad | Nedjma Ousidhoum | Idris Abdulmumin | Jan Philip Wahle | Terry Ruas | Meriem Beloucif | Christine de Kock | Nirmal Surange | Daniela Teodorescu | Ibrahim Said Ahmad | David Ifeoluwa Adelani | Alham Fikri Aji | Felermino D. M. A. Ali | Ilseyar Alimova | Vladimir Araujo | Nikolay Babakov | Naomi Baes | Ana-Maria Bucur | Andiswa Bukula | Guanqun Cao | Rodrigo Tufiño | Rendi Chevi | Chiamaka Ijeoma Chukwuneke | Alexandra Ciobotaru | Daryna Dementieva | Murja Sani Gadanya | Robert Geislinger | Bela Gipp | Oumaima Hourrane | Oana Ignat | Falalu Ibrahim Lawan | Rooweither Mabuya | Rahmad Mahendra | Vukosi Marivate | Alexander Panchenko | Andrew Piper | Charles Henrique Porto Ferreira | Vitaly Protasov | Samuel Rutunda | Manish Shrivastava | Aura Cristina Udrea | Lilian Diana Awuor Wanzare | Sophie Wu | Florian Valentin Wunderlich | Hanif Muhammad Zhafran | Tianhui Zhang | Yi Zhou | Saif M. Mohammad
Proceedings of the 63rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)
People worldwide use language in subtle and complex ways to express emotions. Although emotion recognition–an umbrella term for several NLP tasks–impacts various applications within NLP and beyond, most work in this area has focused on high-resource languages. This has led to significant disparities in research efforts and proposed solutions, particularly for under-resourced languages, which often lack high-quality annotated datasets.In this paper, we present BRIGHTER–a collection of multi-labeled, emotion-annotated datasets in 28 different languages and across several domains. BRIGHTER primarily covers low-resource languages from Africa, Asia, Eastern Europe, and Latin America, with instances labeled by fluent speakers. We highlight the challenges related to the data collection and annotation processes, and then report experimental results for monolingual and crosslingual multi-label emotion identification, as well as emotion intensity recognition. We analyse the variability in performance across languages and text domains, both with and without the use of LLMs, and show that the BRIGHTER datasets represent a meaningful step towards addressing the gap in text-based emotion recognition.
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Co-authors
- Yi Zhou 2
- Idris Abdulmumin 1
- David Ifeoluwa Adelani 1
- Ibrahim Said Ahmad 1
- Alham Fikri Aji 1
- Felermino D. M. A. Ali 1
- Ilseyar Alimova 1
- Vladimir Araujo 1
- Nikolay Babakov 1
- Naomi Baes 1
- Meriem Beloucif 1
- Ana-Maria Bucur 1
- Andiswa Bukula 1
- Rendi Chevi 1
- Chiamaka Ijeoma Chukwuneke 1
- Alexandra Ciobotaru 1
- Daryna Dementieva 1
- Charles Henrique Porto Ferreira 1
- Zeyu Fu 1
- Murja Sani Gadanya 1
- Robert Geislinger 1
- Bela Gipp 1
- Oumaima Hourrane 1
- Tianjin Huang 1
- Oana Ignat 1
- Gaojie Jin 1
- Falalu Ibrahim Lawan 1
- Xinyu Li 1
- Rooweither Mabuya 1
- Rahmad Mahendra 1
- Vukosi Marivate 1
- Saif Mohammad 1
- Shamsuddeen Hassan Muhammad 1
- Nedjma Ousidhoum 1
- Alexander Panchenko 1
- Andrew Piper 1
- Vitaly Protasov 1
- Terry Ruas 1
- Samuel Rutunda 1
- Manish Shrivastava 1
- Nirmal Surange 1
- Daniela Teodorescu 1
- Rodrigo Tufiño 1
- Aura Cristina Udrea 1
- Jan Philip Wahle 1
- Lilian Diana Awuor Wanzare 1
- Sophie Wu 1
- Florian Valentin Wunderlich 1
- Hanif Muhammad Zhafran 1
- Tianhui Zhang 1
- Christine de Kock 1