Junxia Cui

Author directory

2026

The widely adopted Top-K router in Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models is mathematically non-differentiable, making them harder to train than dense counterparts. We propose DenseMixer, a simple and effective MoE post-training technique that provides a more precise router gradient estimation by trading in some extra compute. It is universally applicable to TopK routed MoE, operates in a plug-and-play manner, preserves inference-time efficiency, and remains fully compatible with popular training libraries as well as parameter-efficient methods such as LoRA. Extensive experiments demonstrate that DenseMixer consistently outperforms conventional approaches when fine-tuning MoE models across scales (7B–30B), architectures (with and without shared experts), pre-training regimes of the underlying MoE models (from scratch or via up-cycling), and post-training data types (instruction tuning and long chain-of-thought). Furthermore, our analysis on efficiency shows that the additional computation introduced by DenseMixer remains modest, providing substantial improvements at an acceptable cost.