Maximilian Wolf
2026
Towards Knowledge Graph-Grounded Evaluation of Agentic LLMs on Cybersecurity Capture-the-Flag Challenges
Daniel Schlör | Marius Bohn | Maximilian Wolf | Kevin Bergner | Christian Goldschmied | Andreas Hotho
Proceedings of the Knowledge Graphs and Large Language Models Workshop (KG-LLM) @ LREC26
Daniel Schlör | Marius Bohn | Maximilian Wolf | Kevin Bergner | Christian Goldschmied | Andreas Hotho
Proceedings of the Knowledge Graphs and Large Language Models Workshop (KG-LLM) @ LREC26
Evaluating Large Language Model (LLM) agents on complex multi-step cybersecurity tasks requires structured, reproducible evaluation rubrics. We present BraceGreen, a framework that formalizes Capture-the-Flag (CTF) attack paths as knowledge graphs and uses them as gold-standard rubrics for agentic LLM evaluation. Each node in our knowledge graphs represents an attack step annotated with MITRE ATT&CK tactics, goals, commands, expected outputs, and semantic outcomes, while edges encode prerequisites, dependencies, and alternative paths. Our LangGraph-based evaluation workflow employs LLM-as-judge with chain-of-thought reasoning to semantically compare agent predictions against knowledge graph-encoded alternatives. We contribute a benchmark of 7 CTF machines with knowledge graph annotations, three evaluation modes (command prediction, goal inference, anticipated result), and integration with live machine infrastructure via virtual machines and a MCP server. Our approach bridges the gap between unstructured CTF writeups and graph-structured evaluation rubrics.
2019
Detecting Derogatory Compounds – An Unsupervised Approach
Michael Wiegand | Maximilian Wolf | Josef Ruppenhofer
Proceedings of the 2019 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies, Volume 1 (Long and Short Papers)
Michael Wiegand | Maximilian Wolf | Josef Ruppenhofer
Proceedings of the 2019 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies, Volume 1 (Long and Short Papers)
We examine the new task of detecting derogatory compounds (e.g. “curry muncher”). Derogatory compounds are much more difficult to detect than derogatory unigrams (e.g. “idiot”) since they are more sparsely represented in lexical resources previously found effective for this task (e.g. Wiktionary). We propose an unsupervised classification approach that incorporates linguistic properties of compounds. It mostly depends on a simple distributional representation. We compare our approach against previously established methods proposed for extracting derogatory unigrams.