Nicolai Oswald
Author directory2026
Nemotron-Labs-Diffusion: A Tri-Mode Language Model Unifying Autoregressive, Diffusion, and Self-Speculation Decoding
Yonggan Fu | Lexington Whalen | Abhinav Garg | Chengyue Wu | Maksim Khadkevich | Nicolai Oswald | Enze Xie | Daniel Egert | Sharath Turuvekere Sreenivas | Shizhe Diao | Chenhan D. Yu | Ye Yu | Weijia Chen | Sajad Norouzi | Jingyu Liu | Shiyi Lan | Ligeng Zhu | Jin Wang | Jindong Jiang | Morteza Mardani | Mehran Maghoumi | Song Han | Ante Jukić | Nima Tajbakhsh | Jan Kautz | Pavlo Molchanov
Proceedings of the 2026 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing
Yonggan Fu | Lexington Whalen | Abhinav Garg | Chengyue Wu | Maksim Khadkevich | Nicolai Oswald | Enze Xie | Daniel Egert | Sharath Turuvekere Sreenivas | Shizhe Diao | Chenhan D. Yu | Ye Yu | Weijia Chen | Sajad Norouzi | Jingyu Liu | Shiyi Lan | Ligeng Zhu | Jin Wang | Jindong Jiang | Morteza Mardani | Mehran Maghoumi | Song Han | Ante Jukić | Nima Tajbakhsh | Jan Kautz | Pavlo Molchanov
Proceedings of the 2026 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing
Diffusion language models (LMs) enable parallel decoding, but still lag behind autoregressive (AR) LMs in accuracy, and behind multi-token prediction (MTP) methods in efficiency. This raises three questions: should diffusion LMs compete with AR LMs or be harmonized with them; can diffusion provide a stronger acceleration mechanism than MTP; and does diffusion decoding have sufficient long-term potential to justify further exploration? We study these questions through Nemotron-Labs-Diffusion, a tri-mode LM that unifies three decoding modes—AR, diffusion, and self-speculation (diffusion drafts, AR verifies)—within a single model to sustain high throughput across all concurrency levels. Our study shows that (1) AR and diffusion objectives are mutually beneficial rather than competing, (2) diffusion-based self-speculation achieves higher acceptance lengths and better system vs. per-user throughput trade-offs than MTP baselines, and (3) diffusion decoding shows strong potential for parallel decoding under an optimal sampler in a speed-of-light analysis. Based on these insights, we develop the Nemotron-Labs-Diffusion family at 3B, 8B, and 14B scales. Our models outperform state-of-the-art open-source AR and diffusion LMs in both accuracy and speed, e.g., achieving 6x tokens per forward over Qwen3-8B with comparable benchmark accuracy, translating to 4x throughput on SPEED-Bench measured with SGLang on an NVIDIA GB200 GPU.