Sam Furr
Author directory2026
Four Kilobytes of Memory: A 10M-Parameter Fixed-State Recurrent LM for BabyLM Strict-Small
Sam Furr
Proceedings of the Second BabyLM Workshop
Sam Furr
Proceedings of the Second BabyLM Workshop
How much language competence can a small recurrent model acquire when it must compress its context into a fixed-size state? We study this question with StateHead, a gated recurrent language model without attention or positional embeddings. Our BabyLM 2026 Strict-Small submission has 9.97M parameters and 2,160 recurrent state values, equivalent to 4.2 KiB in bf16. After 1.1 hours of training on a laptop, it scores 68.2 on BLiMP, compared with 65.2 for the official 98.4M-parameter GPT-2 baseline on the same benchmark suite. This advantage is specific to grammatical discrimination: StateHead is weaker on reading-time prediction and scores near or below chance on several semantic and entity-tracking evaluations. We characterize its computation and training trajectory, and compare recipes that reset or carry state across training chunks. The apparent entity-tracking gain is confined to items whose correct answer is “nothing”; both recipes score below chance on the revised benchmark. These results document both the useful capabilities and the limits of a language model with a very small recurrent memory.