Saurabh Yergattikar
Author directory2026
ShieldMCP: An Interactive System for Runtime Security of Model Context Protocol Tool Calls
Saurabh Yergattikar
Proceedings of the 2026 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing: System Demonstrations
Saurabh Yergattikar
Proceedings of the 2026 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing: System Demonstrations
The Model Context Protocol (MCP) lets large language model agents call external tools, and that tool channel has become a security liability: poisoned tool metadata, injected instructions in tool responses, and malicious servers can subvert an agent while never touching the user’s prompt. These risks are increasingly well documented, but hard to experience: most defenses exist as prose or prototypes. We present SHIELDMCP, an interactive, deployment-ready system that makes both the attack and the runtime defense tangible in a browser. SHIELDMCP operates as a transparent proxy between the LLM client and any MCP server, performing threestage validation: pre-call description integrity, outbound parameter sanitization, and postresponse analysis, all without modifying either the agent or the server. The demonstration exposes the full pipeline through a browser interface in which visitors launch curated attacks, watch each validation stage execute live with per-token highlighting of the detected payload, and submit their own tool descriptions, call parameters, or tool responses to a playground that runs the real detector. On a framework benchmark of 487 attack and 200 benign scenarios across 40 MCP servers, the default rule-based backend reduces the overall attack success rate to 8.6% (from a 70.9% undefended baseline measured against live agents in a companion study) at a median added latency under 20 ms; an optional fine-tuned classifier backend reaches near-zero on this benchmark, though we show this is a withindistribution result that does not yet transfer to paraphrased, multilingual, or encoded attacks. SHIELDMCP is open-source under the Apache-2.0 license and installable with a single pip command; every framework number in this paper is reproducible from the shipped harness.
Securing the Tool Layer: A Threat Taxonomy and Runtime Defense Framework for Model Context Protocol Deployments
Saurabh Yergattikar
Proceedings of the 64th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 6: Industry Track)
Saurabh Yergattikar
Proceedings of the 64th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 6: Industry Track)
The Model Context Protocol (MCP) has rapidly emerged as the dominant standard for connecting large language models to external tools, databases, and services. Yet this convenience introduces a fundamentally new attack surface that existing LLM safety measures fail to address: adversaries can now compromise AI agents not through the user prompt, but through the tools the agent trusts. We present ShieldMCP, a runtime security framework grounded in two contributions. First, we introduce a structured threat taxonomy derived from analysis of 80+ attack techniques catalogued under the SAFE-MCP initiative within the Linux Foundation’s OpenSSF, spanning 14 tactical categories adapted from the MITRE ATT CK methodology. Second, we describe an interception architecture that performs real-time validation of MCP tool calls and responses, combining structural analysis with semantic intent verification to detect tool poisoning, indirect prompt injection through tool outputs, and supply chain manipulation. In red-team evaluation across five popular LLM backends, ShieldMCP reduces attack success rates from 74% to under 9% for tool poisoning and from 47% to under 6% for indirect prompt injection via tool responses, while adding fewer than 120ms of median latency per tool call. We discuss deployment considerations, the tension between security and agent utility, and lessons applicable to any organization integrating MCP into production workflows. Our framework is categorized as an Emerging system intended for real-world deployment.